{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2104618058","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infcom.2004.1354653","title":"Characterization of failures in an IP backbone","display_name":"Characterization of failures in an IP backbone","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-02-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2104618058","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infcom.2004.1354653","mag":"2104618058"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/infcom.2004.1354653","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infcom.2004.1354653","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2004","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013543313","display_name":"Athina Markopoulou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1803-8675"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Markopoulou","raw_affiliation_strings":["EE Department, University of Stanford, CA, USA","[Dept. of Electr. Eng., Stanford Univ., CA, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EE Department, University of Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electr. Eng., Stanford Univ., CA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036737904","display_name":"Giuliana Iannaccone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8804-5734"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158342","display_name":"Intel (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/058cxws58","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700","https://openalex.org/I4210158342"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Iannaccone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Research, Cambridge, UK","Intel Res. Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Research, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158342"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Res. Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076884209","display_name":"Supratik Bhattacharyya","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110995367","display_name":"Sprint (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04rxdpa15","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110995367"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Bhattacharyya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sprint Advanced Technology Laboratory, Burlingame, CA, USA","[SPRINT Advanced Technology Laboratory, Burlingame, CA, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sprint Advanced Technology Laboratory, Burlingame, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110995367"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[SPRINT Advanced Technology Laboratory, Burlingame, CA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110995367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017383502","display_name":"Chen\u2010Nee Chuah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2772-387X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen-Nee Chuah","raw_affiliation_strings":["ECE Department, University of California, Davis, CA, USA","[ECE Department, University of California, Davis, CA, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE Department, University of California, Davis, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[ECE Department, University of California, Davis, CA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077602642","display_name":"Christophe Diot","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4336-845X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158342","display_name":"Intel (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/058cxws58","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700","https://openalex.org/I4210158342"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Diot","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Research, Cambridge, UK","Intel Res. Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Research, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158342"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Res. Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":433,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":"2307","last_page":"2317"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7502298355102539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/router","display_name":"Router","score":0.6614766716957092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5727320909500122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.5483425855636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.5462299585342407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parameterized-complexity","display_name":"Parameterized complexity","score":0.5011434555053711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backbone-network","display_name":"Backbone network","score":0.4771513342857361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4635469317436218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maintenance-engineering","display_name":"Maintenance engineering","score":0.43531137704849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loose-source-routing","display_name":"Loose Source Routing","score":0.42666101455688477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.34166616201400757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3272094130516052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.27624011039733887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.20849239826202393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16140976548194885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13187876343727112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-routing","display_name":"Static routing","score":0.11214268207550049}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7502298355102539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775896111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q642560","display_name":"Router","level":2,"score":0.6614766716957092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5727320909500122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5483425855636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.5462299585342407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165464430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570441","display_name":"Parameterized complexity","level":2,"score":0.5011434555053711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88796919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142907","display_name":"Backbone network","level":2,"score":0.4771513342857361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4635469317436218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23725684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q616377","display_name":"Maintenance engineering","level":2,"score":0.43531137704849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39997849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6675974","display_name":"Loose Source Routing","level":5,"score":0.42666101455688477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.34166616201400757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3272094130516052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.27624011039733887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.20849239826202393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16140976548194885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13187876343727112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204948658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1119410","display_name":"Static routing","level":4,"score":0.11214268207550049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/infcom.2004.1354653","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infcom.2004.1354653","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2004","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.58.4355","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.58.4355","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ieee-infocom.org/2004/Papers/48_1.PDF","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W168429299","https://openalex.org/W1485595694","https://openalex.org/W1529740232","https://openalex.org/W1582342575","https://openalex.org/W1976969221","https://openalex.org/W2047381835","https://openalex.org/W2058909165","https://openalex.org/W2095632620","https://openalex.org/W2101850828","https://openalex.org/W2107327457","https://openalex.org/W2119360906","https://openalex.org/W2120998805","https://openalex.org/W2121323396","https://openalex.org/W2121528204","https://openalex.org/W2123465548","https://openalex.org/W2125374545","https://openalex.org/W2137467649","https://openalex.org/W2137624982","https://openalex.org/W2138509363","https://openalex.org/W2141487810","https://openalex.org/W2144984544","https://openalex.org/W2146586903","https://openalex.org/W2156813924","https://openalex.org/W2163907500","https://openalex.org/W2997134027","https://openalex.org/W3015252616","https://openalex.org/W4249068943","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6606788531","https://openalex.org/W6629133371","https://openalex.org/W6631680466","https://openalex.org/W6634813736","https://openalex.org/W6680456895","https://openalex.org/W6681684235","https://openalex.org/W7046848550"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051058708","https://openalex.org/W1494268238","https://openalex.org/W154868527","https://openalex.org/W1983207144","https://openalex.org/W2490706771","https://openalex.org/W2480116122","https://openalex.org/W2556105305","https://openalex.org/W2147758663","https://openalex.org/W4244689112","https://openalex.org/W1970701242"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"analyze":[1],"IS-IS":[2],"routing":[3],"updates":[4],"from":[5],"sprint's":[6],"IP":[7,14,111],"network":[8],"to":[9,60,79,99,123],"characterize":[10],"failures":[11,57,97,108],"that":[12,53],"affect":[13,87],"connectivity.":[15],"Failures":[16],"are":[17,41,70],"first":[18],"classified":[19],"based":[20],"on":[21],"probable":[22],"causes":[23,101],"such":[24],"as":[25],"maintenance":[26,62],"activities,":[27],"router-related":[28,80],"and":[29,35,75,81,105],"optical":[30,82],"layer":[31],"problems.":[32,136],"Key":[33],"temporal":[34],"spatial":[36],"characteristics":[37],"of":[38,55,96,107,116],"each":[39],"class":[40],"analyzed":[42],"and,":[43],"when":[44],"appropriate,":[45],"parameterized":[46],"using":[47],"well-known":[48],"distributions.":[49],"Our":[50,94],"results":[51],"indicate":[52],"20%":[54],"all":[56],"is":[58,130],"due":[59],"planned":[61],"activities.":[63],"Of":[64],"the":[65,103,117],"unplanned":[66],"failures,":[67],"almost":[68],"30%":[69],"shared":[71],"by":[72],"multiple":[73],"links":[74],"can":[76,120],"be":[77,121],"attributed":[78],"equipment-related":[83],"problems,":[84],"while":[85],"70%":[86],"a":[88,92,125],"single":[89],"link":[90],"at":[91],"time.":[93],"classification":[95],"according":[98],"different":[100,118],"reveals":[102],"nature":[104],"extent":[106],"in":[109],"today's":[110],"backbones.":[112],"Furthermore,":[113],"our":[114],"characterization":[115],"classes":[119],"used":[122],"develop":[124],"probabilistic":[126],"failure":[127],"model,":[128],"which":[129],"important":[131],"for":[132],"various":[133],"traffic":[134],"engineering":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}