{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3004223740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/indin41052.2019.8972136","title":"Intelligent Driver Emotion Monitoring Based on Lightweight Multilayer Random Forests","display_name":"Intelligent Driver Emotion Monitoring Based on Lightweight Multilayer Random Forests","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3004223740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/indin41052.2019.8972136","mag":"3004223740"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/indin41052.2019.8972136","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/indin41052.2019.8972136","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 17th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103122493","display_name":"Mira Jeong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3401-6708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52010207","display_name":"Keimyung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00tjv0s33","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52010207"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mira Jeong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu, S. KOREA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu, S. KOREA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52010207"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101428716","display_name":"Minji Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9815-0495"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52010207","display_name":"Keimyung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00tjv0s33","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52010207"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minji Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu, S. KOREA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu, S. KOREA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52010207"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035256239","display_name":"Byoung Chul Ko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7284-0768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52010207","display_name":"Keimyung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00tjv0s33","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52010207"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Byoung Chul Ko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu, S. KOREA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu, S. KOREA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52010207"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103122493"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52010207"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5061,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70508745,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"280","last_page":"283"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9677000045776367,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.6921388506889343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.647788405418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.35427314043045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.33626270294189453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.26779621839523315}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.6921388506889343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.647788405418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.35427314043045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.33626270294189453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26779621839523315}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/indin41052.2019.8972136","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/indin41052.2019.8972136","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 17th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1532554355","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W2103943262","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2244142460","https://openalex.org/W2592340788","https://openalex.org/W2612445135","https://openalex.org/W2619641360","https://openalex.org/W2792191740","https://openalex.org/W2902298447","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4297775537","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6675505114","https://openalex.org/W6737664043","https://openalex.org/W6738304671"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3193043704","https://openalex.org/W4386259002","https://openalex.org/W1546989560","https://openalex.org/W3171520305","https://openalex.org/W1924178503","https://openalex.org/W3135126032","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4308716060"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,70],"propose":[4],"a":[5,16,30,59,82,100,119],"lightweight":[6],"multi-layer":[7],"random":[8],"forest":[9],"(LMRF)":[10],"model.":[11],"The":[12,109],"LMRF":[13,74,111],"model":[14,20],"is":[15,29],"non-neural":[17],"network-style":[18],"deep":[19],"composed":[21],"of":[22,48,66,85,122],"arbitrary":[23],"forests":[24],"rather":[25],"than":[26],"layers.":[27],"DNN":[28,117],"powerful":[31],"algorithm":[32],"for":[33,58,87],"facial":[34],"recognition":[35],"(FER),":[36],"but":[37],"there":[38],"are":[39],"too":[40],"many":[41],"parameters,":[42],"careful":[43],"parameter":[44],"tuning,":[45],"large":[46],"amounts":[47],"training":[49],"data,":[50],"black":[51],"box":[52],"models,":[53],"and":[54,81,124],"pretrained":[55],"architecture":[56],"required":[57],"current":[60],"DNN.":[61],"To":[62],"overcome":[63],"the":[64,72,106,125,130],"burden":[65],"real-time":[67],"processing":[68,127],"DNN,":[69],"use":[71],"proposed":[73,110],"with":[75,118],"two":[76],"tree":[77],"structures":[78],"per":[79],"layer":[80],"small":[83,120],"number":[84,121],"trees":[86],"high-speed":[88],"FER.":[89],"We":[90],"conducted":[91],"experiments":[92],"using":[93,99,129],"an":[94],"actual":[95],"driving":[96],"database":[97],"captured":[98],"near-infrared":[101],"(NIR)":[102],"camera":[103],"to":[104,116],"monitor":[105],"driver's":[107],"emotions.":[108],"provides":[112],"similar":[113],"FER":[114],"accuracy":[115],"hyperparameters,":[123],"faster":[126],"time":[128],"CPU.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}