{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3003402910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/indin41052.2019.8972018","title":"Developing a Secure, Smart Microgrid Energy Market using Distributed Ledger Technologies","display_name":"Developing a Secure, Smart Microgrid Energy Market using Distributed Ledger Technologies","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3003402910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/indin41052.2019.8972018","mag":"3003402910"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/indin41052.2019.8972018","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/indin41052.2019.8972018","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 17th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073783589","display_name":"Lehlogonolo P. I. Ledwaba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7292-2835"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lehlogonolo P.I. Ledwaba","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon,Department of Computer Science,Hong Kong","Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon,Department of Computer Science,Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019818778","display_name":"Gerhard P. Hancke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2388-3542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerhard P. Hancke","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon,Department of Computer Science,Hong Kong","Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon,Department of Computer Science,Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067388807","display_name":"Sherrin J. Isaac","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0259-9040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21360634","display_name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05j00sr48","country_code":"ZA","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sherrin J. Isaac","raw_affiliation_strings":["Next Gen Enterprises and Institutions Council for Scientific and Industrial Research,Pretoria,South Africa","Next Gen Enterprises and Institutions Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Next Gen Enterprises and Institutions Council for Scientific and Industrial Research,Pretoria,South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Next Gen Enterprises and Institutions Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037461417","display_name":"Hein S. Venter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3607-8630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","display_name":"University of Pretoria","ror":"https://ror.org/00g0p6g84","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hein S. Venter","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pretoria,Department of Computer Science,Pretoria,South Africa","Department of Computer Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pretoria,Department of Computer Science,Pretoria,South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073783589"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3741,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91505431,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1725","last_page":"1728"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.9157454371452332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-ledger","display_name":"Distributed ledger","score":0.6849610805511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6301867365837097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5224420428276062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"Distributed generation","score":0.48840731382369995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.488309383392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.4766733944416046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.44761449098587036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptocurrency","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","score":0.4416438639163971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3834584355354309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3742239475250244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.35734280943870544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.26559576392173767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.23884376883506775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.2349662482738495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15860506892204285}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.9157454371452332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777541363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25110971","display_name":"Distributed ledger","level":3,"score":0.6849610805511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6301867365837097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5224420428276062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.48840731382369995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.488309383392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.4766733944416046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.44761449098587036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180706569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13479982","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","level":2,"score":0.4416438639163971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3834584355354309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3742239475250244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.35734280943870544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.26559576392173767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.23884376883506775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.2349662482738495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15860506892204285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/indin41052.2019.8972018","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/indin41052.2019.8972018","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 17th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2013870205","https://openalex.org/W2024613530","https://openalex.org/W2109195205","https://openalex.org/W2152485574","https://openalex.org/W2620904645","https://openalex.org/W2772355367","https://openalex.org/W2792802604","https://openalex.org/W2909728714","https://openalex.org/W2944204342","https://openalex.org/W6682416845","https://openalex.org/W6762396094"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3038176961","https://openalex.org/W2759600173","https://openalex.org/W4205726392","https://openalex.org/W2954917935","https://openalex.org/W2355150740","https://openalex.org/W1570369983","https://openalex.org/W4226470295","https://openalex.org/W4319150754","https://openalex.org/W2906602677","https://openalex.org/W2051053503"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"ability":[1],"for":[2,8,42,61,92,101],"the":[3,9,43,49,62,70,73,76,88,102],"smart":[4],"microgrid":[5,74,103],"to":[6,26,86,121],"allow":[7],"independent":[10],"generation":[11],"and":[12,53,75,97,116,124],"distribution":[13],"of":[14,65,72,90],"electrical":[15],"energy":[16,45,52,104],"makes":[17],"it":[18],"an":[19,39],"attractive":[20],"solution":[21,100],"towards":[22],"enabling":[23,40],"universal":[24],"access":[25],"electricity":[27],"within":[28],"developing":[29,81],"economies.":[30],"Distributed":[31],"Ledger":[32],"Technologies":[33],"(DLTs)":[34],"are":[35],"being":[36],"considered":[37],"as":[38,98],"technology":[41],"secure":[44],"trade":[46],"market":[47,105],"however":[48],"high":[50],"processing,":[51],"data":[54],"exchange":[55],"requirements":[56],"may":[57],"make":[58],"them":[59],"unsuitable":[60],"Industrial":[63],"Internet":[64],"Things":[66],"technologies":[67],"used":[68],"in":[69,80,119],"implementation":[71],"limited":[77],"connectivity":[78],"infrastructure":[79],"technologies.":[82],"This":[83],"work":[84],"serves":[85],"assess":[87],"suitability":[89],"DLTs":[91],"IIoT":[93],"edge":[94],"node":[95,108],"operation":[96],"a":[99],"by":[106],"considering":[107],"transaction":[109],"times,":[110],"operating":[111],"temperature,":[112],"power":[113],"consumption,":[114],"processor":[115],"memory":[117],"useage,":[118],"addition":[120],"mining":[122],"effort":[123],"end":[125],"user":[126],"costs.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}