{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2770909709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/indin.2017.8104914","title":"Hierarchical context-aware anomaly diagnosis in large-scale PV systems using SCADA data","display_name":"Hierarchical context-aware anomaly diagnosis in large-scale PV systems using SCADA data","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2770909709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/indin.2017.8104914","mag":"2770909709"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/indin.2017.8104914","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/indin.2017.8104914","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE 15th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100453182","display_name":"Qi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1783-7195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076462524","display_name":"Yingying Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5902-1306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingying Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tongji University, Shanghai, P. R. China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tongji University, Shanghai, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100692586","display_name":"Yawen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2935-6089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yawen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081862125","display_name":"Dahai Kang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dahai Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Concord New Energy Group Limited - China, Beijing, P. R. China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Concord New Energy Group Limited - China, Beijing, P. R. China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089831843","display_name":"Qin Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9437-1376"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qin Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004722925","display_name":"Li Shang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7531"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Shang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, US"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100453182"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9751,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82669379,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1025","last_page":"1030"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11941","display_name":"Power System Reliability and Maintenance","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scada","display_name":"SCADA","score":0.8292382955551147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.7184603214263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6785062551498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6651933193206787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.6321903467178345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.5526319146156311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5059511065483093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.48194384574890137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.4816509783267975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string","display_name":"String (physics)","score":0.4424245357513428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-false-alarm-rate","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","score":0.4270184338092804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4102059006690979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.39909854531288147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2699429392814636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21429166197776794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.10556048154830933}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113863187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17498","display_name":"SCADA","level":2,"score":0.8292382955551147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.7184603214263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6785062551498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6651933193206787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.6321903467178345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5526319146156311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5059511065483093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.48194384574890137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.4816509783267975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4424245357513428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.4270184338092804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4102059006690979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.39909854531288147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2699429392814636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21429166197776794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.10556048154830933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/indin.2017.8104914","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/indin.2017.8104914","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE 15th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W62719046","https://openalex.org/W1643702563","https://openalex.org/W1649770846","https://openalex.org/W1966129222","https://openalex.org/W1979377258","https://openalex.org/W1985054565","https://openalex.org/W1989661716","https://openalex.org/W1993454570","https://openalex.org/W1998064754","https://openalex.org/W2010599085","https://openalex.org/W2028341025","https://openalex.org/W2045186954","https://openalex.org/W2092669910","https://openalex.org/W2111631979","https://openalex.org/W2126448196","https://openalex.org/W2134089414","https://openalex.org/W2134747316","https://openalex.org/W2137690751","https://openalex.org/W2144182447","https://openalex.org/W2160937203","https://openalex.org/W2280977705","https://openalex.org/W2519447612","https://openalex.org/W2553924271","https://openalex.org/W2586646478","https://openalex.org/W2615126503","https://openalex.org/W2763965827","https://openalex.org/W4234967753","https://openalex.org/W6679849079"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2806741695","https://openalex.org/W4290647774","https://openalex.org/W3189286258","https://openalex.org/W3207797160","https://openalex.org/W3210364259","https://openalex.org/W4300558037","https://openalex.org/W2667207928","https://openalex.org/W2912112202","https://openalex.org/W4377864969","https://openalex.org/W3120251014"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"anomaly":[1,53,116],"diagnosis":[2,54,117],"is":[3,62],"essential":[4],"for":[5,51,126],"reducing":[6],"operation":[7],"and":[8,15,69,80,87,121],"maintenance":[9],"(O&M)":[10],"cost,":[11],"while":[12],"improving":[13],"safety":[14],"reliability":[16],"of":[17,89],"large-scale":[18,56],"photovoltaic":[19],"(PV)":[20],"systems.":[21,58,84],"Although":[22],"many":[23],"methods":[24],"have":[25],"been":[26],"proposed,":[27],"they":[28],"either":[29],"require":[30],"extra":[31],"sensing":[32],"devices":[33],"or":[34],"suffer":[35],"from":[36],"high":[37,119],"false":[38],"alarm":[39],"rates.":[40],"In":[41],"this":[42],"work,":[43],"we":[44],"present":[45],"a":[46,96],"cost-effective":[47],"hierarchical":[48],"context-aware":[49],"method":[50],"string-level":[52,115],"in":[55,102],"PV":[57,99],"The":[59,85,105],"proposed":[60,91,111],"approach":[61,92,112],"based":[63],"on":[64],"unsupervised":[65],"machine":[66],"learning":[67],"techniques":[68],"requires":[70],"no":[71],"additional":[72],"hardware":[73],"support":[74,114],"beyond":[75],"widely":[76],"adopted":[77],"supervisory":[78],"control":[79],"data":[81],"acquisition":[82],"(SCADA)":[83],"effectiveness":[86],"efficiency":[88],"our":[90],"are":[93],"evaluated":[94],"with":[95,118],"40":[97],"MW":[98],"system":[100],"located":[101],"East":[103],"China.":[104],"experimental":[106],"results":[107],"demonstrate":[108],"that":[109],"the":[110],"can":[113],"accuracy":[120],"provide":[122],"sufficient":[123],"lead":[124],"time":[125],"daily":[127],"maintenance.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}