{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1661479421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/indin.2015.7281943","title":"Time-of-Flight 3D imaging for mixed-critical systems","display_name":"Time-of-Flight 3D imaging for mixed-critical systems","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1661479421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/indin.2015.7281943","mag":"1661479421"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/indin.2015.7281943","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/indin.2015.7281943","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE 13th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020761476","display_name":"Norbert Druml","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131793","display_name":"Infineon Technologies (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/03msng824","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137594350","https://openalex.org/I4210131793"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norbert Druml","raw_affiliation_strings":["Infineon Technologies Austria AG, Graz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infineon Technologies Austria AG, Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087222491","display_name":"Gerwin Fleischmann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131793","display_name":"Infineon Technologies (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/03msng824","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137594350","https://openalex.org/I4210131793"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerwin Fleischmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Infineon Technologies Austria AG, Graz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infineon Technologies Austria AG, Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074965910","display_name":"Christoph Heidenreich","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131793","display_name":"Infineon Technologies (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/03msng824","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137594350","https://openalex.org/I4210131793"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Heidenreich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Infineon Technologies Austria AG, Graz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infineon Technologies Austria AG, Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109274844","display_name":"Andrea Leitner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112585","display_name":"Virtual Vehicle Research GmbH (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/029rc9g37","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112585"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Leitner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virtual Vehicle Research Center, Graz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virtual Vehicle Research Center, Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009999626","display_name":"Helmut Martin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112585","display_name":"Virtual Vehicle Research GmbH (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/029rc9g37","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112585"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Helmut Martin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virtual Vehicle Research Center, Graz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virtual Vehicle Research Center, Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110167179","display_name":"Thomas Herndl","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131793","display_name":"Infineon Technologies (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/03msng824","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137594350","https://openalex.org/I4210131793"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Herndl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Infineon Technologies Austria AG, Graz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infineon Technologies Austria AG, Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131793"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072607483","display_name":"Gerald Holweg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131793","display_name":"Infineon Technologies (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/03msng824","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137594350","https://openalex.org/I4210131793"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerald Holweg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Infineon Technologies Austria AG, Graz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infineon Technologies Austria AG, Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131793"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.2719,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97905487,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1432","last_page":"1437"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13248","display_name":"Healthcare Technology and Patient Monitoring","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.8016709089279175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6357553005218506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.5728646516799927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.56410151720047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.535000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5117535591125488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4994533061981201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safety-standards","display_name":"Safety standards","score":0.41780656576156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.3642164468765259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26846975088119507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.19677990674972534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.14224234223365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.13579246401786804}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.8016709089279175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6357553005218506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.5728646516799927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.56410151720047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.535000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5117535591125488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4994533061981201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776179734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7398668","display_name":"Safety standards","level":2,"score":0.41780656576156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3642164468765259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26846975088119507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.19677990674972534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.14224234223365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.13579246401786804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/indin.2015.7281943","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/indin.2015.7281943","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE 13th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1584643859","https://openalex.org/W1741230646","https://openalex.org/W1964370383","https://openalex.org/W1987356889","https://openalex.org/W1994684178","https://openalex.org/W2010529405","https://openalex.org/W2016620160","https://openalex.org/W2030688710","https://openalex.org/W2038643807","https://openalex.org/W2043488348","https://openalex.org/W2049381231","https://openalex.org/W2152621471","https://openalex.org/W3009323332","https://openalex.org/W4247021973","https://openalex.org/W6774260518"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W1496222301","https://openalex.org/W1590307681","https://openalex.org/W2536018345","https://openalex.org/W4312814274","https://openalex.org/W4285370786","https://openalex.org/W2296488620","https://openalex.org/W2358353312","https://openalex.org/W2353836703"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Computer":[0],"vision":[1],"is":[2,25,48,108,134,171,176],"becoming":[3],"more":[4,6],"and":[5,16,20,53,66,83,119,126,173],"important":[7],"in":[8,35,98,140,205],"the":[9,36,44,58,61,81,101,150,154,164,184,210,213],"fields":[10],"of":[11,57,64,85,153,160,186,212],"consumer":[12],"electronics,":[13],"cyber-physical":[14],"systems,":[15],"automotive":[17,37,102,112,165,195],"technology.":[18],"Recognizing":[19],"classifying":[21],"one's":[22],"environment":[23,208],"reliably":[24],"imperative":[26],"for":[27,80,163],"safety-critical":[28,194],"applications,":[29],"as":[30,70,72],"they":[31],"are":[32],"omnipresent,":[33],"e.g.,":[34],"or":[38],"aviation":[39],"domain.":[40,103,166],"For":[41],"this":[42,146,202],"purpose,":[43],"Time-of-Flight":[45,93,105,131,168],"imaging":[46,106],"technology":[47],"suitable,":[49],"which":[50],"enables":[51],"robust":[52,130],"cost-efficient":[54],"three-dimensional":[55],"sensing":[56],"environment.":[59],"However,":[60],"resource":[62],"limitations":[63],"safety-":[65],"security-certified":[67],"processor":[68],"systems":[69],"well":[71],"complying":[73],"to":[74,117,180],"safety":[75,118],"standards,":[76],"poses":[77],"a":[78,92,129,141,161,191,206],"challenge":[79],"development":[82],"integration":[84],"complex":[86],"Time-of-Flight-based":[87],"applications.":[88],"Here":[89],"we":[90,148],"present":[91],"system":[94,132],"approach":[95,107],"that":[96,115,136],"focuses":[97],"particular":[99],"on":[100,110],"This":[104],"based":[109],"an":[111],"processing":[113],"platform":[114],"complies":[116],"security":[120],"standards.":[121],"By":[122],"employing":[123],"state-of-the-art":[124],"hardware/software":[125,156],"multi-core":[127],"concepts,":[128],"solution":[133],"introduced":[135],"can":[137,200],"be":[138],"used":[139],"mixed-critical":[142,207],"application":[143],"context.":[144],"In":[145,190],"work":[147],"demonstrate":[149],"feasible":[151],"implementation":[152],"proposed":[155],"architecture":[157],"by":[158],"means":[159],"prototype":[162],"Raw":[167],"sensor":[169],"data":[170,175,204],"taken":[172],"3D":[174,203],"calculated":[177],"with":[178],"up":[179],"80":[181],"FPS":[182],"without":[183],"usage":[185],"dedicated":[187],"hardware":[188],"accelerators.":[189],"next":[192],"step,":[193],"applications":[196],"(e.g.,":[197],"parking":[198],"assistance)":[199],"exploit":[201],"respecting":[209],"needs":[211],"ISO":[214],"26262.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}