{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2085249554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/indin.2012.6301178","title":"Novel Spatial Pyramid Matching for scene and object classification","display_name":"Novel Spatial Pyramid Matching for scene and object classification","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2085249554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/indin.2012.6301178","mag":"2085249554"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/indin.2012.6301178","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/indin.2012.6301178","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE 10th International Conference on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114858729","display_name":"Kai Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9371-0751"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kai Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beijing Aeronautics and Astronautics University, Beijing, China","School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing, P.R.China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beijing Aeronautics and Astronautics University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing, P.R.China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026365889","display_name":"Weihai Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7912-4505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weihai Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beijing Aeronautics and Astronautics University, Beijing, China","School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing, P.R.China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beijing Aeronautics and Astronautics University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing, P.R.China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100374736","display_name":"Xingming Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4334-0465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingming Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beijing Aeronautics and Astronautics University, Beijing, China","School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing, P.R.China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beijing Aeronautics and Astronautics University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing, P.R.China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031721367","display_name":"Zhong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9650-6097"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beijing Aeronautics and Astronautics University, Beijing, China","School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing, P.R.China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beijing Aeronautics and Astronautics University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing, P.R.China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5114858729"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15000912,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"172","last_page":"177"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codebook","display_name":"Codebook","score":0.8777588605880737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7713451981544495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyramid","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","score":0.6927822828292847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.6910912990570068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6852961778640747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6644116640090942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.6046079993247986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.5939688086509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5756310820579529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5670375227928162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.46866974234580994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4168003797531128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.29659533500671387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2108256220817566}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127759330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637416","display_name":"Codebook","level":2,"score":0.8777588605880737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7713451981544495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142575187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358290","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.6927822828292847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.6910912990570068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6852961778640747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6644116640090942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6046079993247986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5939688086509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5756310820579529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5670375227928162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.46866974234580994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4168003797531128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.29659533500671387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2108256220817566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/indin.2012.6301178","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/indin.2012.6301178","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE 10th International Conference on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W98826895","https://openalex.org/W1566135517","https://openalex.org/W1934019294","https://openalex.org/W2087347434","https://openalex.org/W2090518410","https://openalex.org/W2103897297","https://openalex.org/W2107034620","https://openalex.org/W2124386111","https://openalex.org/W2137401668","https://openalex.org/W2147332957","https://openalex.org/W2150593711","https://openalex.org/W2154683974","https://openalex.org/W2161160262","https://openalex.org/W2162915993","https://openalex.org/W2165828254","https://openalex.org/W2171813245","https://openalex.org/W2538129186","https://openalex.org/W3137423196","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W6604030440","https://openalex.org/W6640267182","https://openalex.org/W6675696854","https://openalex.org/W6684893555","https://openalex.org/W6685591998","https://openalex.org/W6729303262"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2293149949","https://openalex.org/W2026099691","https://openalex.org/W4284672201","https://openalex.org/W2377486419","https://openalex.org/W2943202426","https://openalex.org/W2950156284","https://openalex.org/W2736714427","https://openalex.org/W2163679795","https://openalex.org/W2137816434","https://openalex.org/W2053928191"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1,15],"difficult":[2],"to":[3,24,63,83],"classify":[4,96],"object":[5],"or":[6],"scene":[7,98],"images":[8],"with":[9,26,99],"high":[10],"accuracy":[11],"when":[12],"the":[13,58,68,78,84,88,92,97],"dataset":[14],"relatively":[16],"large.":[17],"Spatial":[18],"Pyramid":[19],"Matching":[20],"(SPM)":[21],"was":[22],"proposed":[23,40],"deal":[25],"this":[27],"problem,":[28],"but":[29],"there":[30],"are":[31,81],"some":[32],"shortages.":[33],"As":[34],"an":[35],"improvement":[36],"for":[37,54,73],"SPM,":[38],"we":[39],"three":[41],"pieces":[42],"of":[43,52,60,67],"meliorations:":[44],"first,":[45],"use":[46],"approximate":[47],"nearest":[48],"neighbor":[49],"method":[50],"instead":[51],"k-means":[53],"clustering;":[55],"second,":[56],"regulate":[57],"size":[59],"codebook":[61],"referring":[62],"quantity":[64],"and":[65,76,95],"pixels":[66],"images,":[69],"by":[70],"calculating":[71],"sub-codebook":[72],"every":[74],"category":[75],"eliminating":[77],"codes":[79],"which":[80],"nearer":[82],"registered":[85],"ones":[86],"than":[87,110],"threshold;":[89],"third,":[90],"rescale":[91],"histogram":[93],"features,":[94],"hierarchical":[100],"strategy.":[101],"Experiments":[102],"prove":[103],"that":[104],"our":[105],"approach":[106],"make":[107],"better":[108],"performance":[109],"other":[111],"state-of-the-art":[112],"classification":[113],"methods":[114],"using":[115],"just":[116],"one":[117],"matching":[118],"kernel.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}