{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411233402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/imw61990.2025.11026960","title":"Utilizing 2T SONOS Cell Characteristics for L2/Euclidean Distance Computing - From Unit Cell to Array Operations","display_name":"Utilizing 2T SONOS Cell Characteristics for L2/Euclidean Distance Computing - From Unit Cell to Array Operations","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411233402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/imw61990.2025.11026960"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/imw61990.2025.11026960","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/imw61990.2025.11026960","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Memory Workshop (IMW)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060174339","display_name":"Yu\u2010Hsuan Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8352-3584"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092191","display_name":"Macronix International (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bggjn73","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092191"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Hsuan Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Macronix International Co., Ltd.,Hsinchu,R.O.C"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macronix International Co., Ltd.,Hsinchu,R.O.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034126920","display_name":"Po-Hao Tseng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6206-7409"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092191","display_name":"Macronix International (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bggjn73","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092191"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Po-Hao Tseng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Macronix International Co., Ltd.,Hsinchu,R.O.C"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macronix International Co., Ltd.,Hsinchu,R.O.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000296906","display_name":"Ming-Hsiu Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092191","display_name":"Macronix International (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bggjn73","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092191"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming-Hsiu Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Macronix International Co., Ltd.,Hsinchu,R.O.C"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macronix International Co., Ltd.,Hsinchu,R.O.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103058595","display_name":"Yu\u2010Yu Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9833-580X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092191","display_name":"Macronix International (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bggjn73","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092191"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Yu Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Macronix International Co., Ltd.,Hsinchu,R.O.C"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macronix International Co., Ltd.,Hsinchu,R.O.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037124225","display_name":"Feng-Min Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092191","display_name":"Macronix International (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bggjn73","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092191"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng-Min Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Macronix International Co., Ltd.,Hsinchu,R.O.C"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macronix International Co., Ltd.,Hsinchu,R.O.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062971609","display_name":"Dai-Ying Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092191","display_name":"Macronix International (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bggjn73","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092191"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dai-Ying Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Macronix International Co., Ltd.,Hsinchu,R.O.C"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macronix International Co., Ltd.,Hsinchu,R.O.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067604384","display_name":"Pei-Ying Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3554-1822"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092191","display_name":"Macronix International (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bggjn73","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092191"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pei-Ying Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Macronix International Co., Ltd.,Hsinchu,R.O.C"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macronix International Co., Ltd.,Hsinchu,R.O.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025949232","display_name":"Chih-Chieh Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092191","display_name":"Macronix International (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bggjn73","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092191"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Chieh Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Macronix International Co., Ltd.,Hsinchu,R.O.C"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macronix International Co., Ltd.,Hsinchu,R.O.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109450570","display_name":"Teng-Hao Yeh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092191","display_name":"Macronix International (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bggjn73","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092191"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teng-Hao Yeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Macronix International Co., Ltd.,Hsinchu,R.O.C"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macronix International Co., Ltd.,Hsinchu,R.O.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113702902","display_name":"Kuang-Yeu Hsieh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092191","display_name":"Macronix International (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bggjn73","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092191"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuang-Yeu Hsieh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Macronix International Co., Ltd.,Hsinchu,R.O.C"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macronix International Co., Ltd.,Hsinchu,R.O.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028102750","display_name":"Keh-Chung Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092191","display_name":"Macronix International (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bggjn73","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092191"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keh-Chung Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Macronix International Co., Ltd.,Hsinchu,R.O.C"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macronix International Co., Ltd.,Hsinchu,R.O.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092191"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024808324","display_name":"Chih-Yuan Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8951-2509"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092191","display_name":"Macronix International (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bggjn73","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092191"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Yuan Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Macronix International Co., Ltd.,Hsinchu,R.O.C"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macronix International Co., Ltd.,Hsinchu,R.O.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092191"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":12,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060174339"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092191"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16712517,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13182","display_name":"Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13182","display_name":"Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-distance","display_name":"Euclidean distance","score":0.6641119718551636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5544822216033936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unit","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","score":0.5057058334350586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21277064085006714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15481075644493103}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120174047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847073","display_name":"Euclidean distance","level":2,"score":0.6641119718551636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5544822216033936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122637931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118084","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","level":2,"score":0.5057058334350586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21277064085006714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15481075644493103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/imw61990.2025.11026960","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/imw61990.2025.11026960","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Memory Workshop (IMW)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4281564544","https://openalex.org/W4286571663","https://openalex.org/W4317792958","https://openalex.org/W4317793581","https://openalex.org/W4398775044","https://openalex.org/W4403412833"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3,72,164],"innovative":[4],"approach":[5,154],"for":[6,167],"in-memory":[7,161],"Euclidean":[8],"distance":[9,46,84],"computation":[10,85],"with":[11,130,145],"2T":[12],"SONOS":[13],"Flash":[14,26,96,159],"memory":[15,91],"as":[16,28,36,163],"the":[17,22,32,39,43,49,53,80,87,104,112,121,131,136,143,149,156],"computing":[18,162],"unit.":[19],"By":[20],"utilizing":[21],"threshold":[23,100],"voltage":[24,35,101],"of":[25,56,65,95,128,158],"cells":[27],"stored":[29],"data,":[30],"and":[31,68,99,135,148],"input":[33],"gate":[34],"user":[37],"query,":[38],"system":[40,123],"can":[41],"calculate":[42],"squared":[44],"L2/Euclidean":[45],"directly":[47],"in":[48,63],"array":[50],"based":[51],"on":[52,82,103],"native":[54],"response":[55],"transistor":[57],"physics,":[58],"which":[59,78,109,139],"offers":[60],"significant":[61],"advantages":[62],"terms":[64],"energy":[66],"efficiency":[67],"speed.":[69],"We":[70],"introduce":[71],"optimized":[73],"reference":[74],"current":[75],"extraction":[76],"technique,":[77],"enhances":[79],"accuracy":[81,106,127],"L2":[83,147],"despite":[86],"non-ideal":[88],"factors":[89],"from":[90],"devices.":[92],"The":[93,152],"impacts":[94],"device":[97],"variations":[98],"distribution":[102],"recognition":[105,126],"are":[107],"considered,":[108],"further":[110],"demonstrates":[111],"system's":[113],"robustness":[114],"against":[115],"such":[116],"variations.":[117],"Simulations":[118],"showed":[119],"that":[120],"proposed":[122,153],"achieves":[124],"a":[125],"94.82%":[129],"Google's":[132],"FaceNet":[133],"model":[134],"CelebA":[137],"dataset,":[138],"is":[140],"comparable":[141],"to":[142],"results":[144],"CPU-computed":[146],"cosine-similarity":[150],"algorithms.":[151],"highlights":[155],"potential":[157],"memory-based":[160],"efficient":[165],"solution":[166],"high-accuracy,":[168],"distance-based":[169],"applications.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
