{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308082338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/imet54801.2022.9929595","title":"A NEAT Approach to Wave Generation in Tower Defense Games","display_name":"A NEAT Approach to Wave Generation in Tower Defense Games","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308082338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/imet54801.2022.9929595"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/imet54801.2022.9929595","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/imet54801.2022.9929595","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 International Conference on Interactive Media, Smart Systems and Emerging Technologies (IMET)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058139106","display_name":"Daniel Hind","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6409-4793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12870472","display_name":"Birmingham City University","ror":"https://ror.org/00t67pt25","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Hind","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Digital Technology Birmingham City University,DMTLab,B4 7XG"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Digital Technology Birmingham City University,DMTLab,B4 7XG","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032940957","display_name":"Carlo Harvey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-1592"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12870472","display_name":"Birmingham City University","ror":"https://ror.org/00t67pt25","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlo Harvey","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Digital Technology Birmingham City University,DMTLab,B4 7XG"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Digital Technology Birmingham City University,DMTLab,B4 7XG","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3362,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55606266,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11674","display_name":"Sports Analytics and Performance","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6638700366020203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.6614132523536682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6241011023521423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tower","display_name":"Tower","score":0.6176702976226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroevolution","display_name":"Neuroevolution","score":0.5584744215011597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5134485960006714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48781564831733704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content","display_name":"Content (measure theory)","score":0.4433627128601074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-game","display_name":"Video game","score":0.4222421944141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.3309020400047302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.17132407426834106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14123153686523438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08093121647834778}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6638700366020203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.6614132523536682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6241011023521423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777831296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12518","display_name":"Tower","level":2,"score":0.6176702976226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118070581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2060528","display_name":"Neuroevolution","level":3,"score":0.5584744215011597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5134485960006714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48781564831733704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778152352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165061","display_name":"Content (measure theory)","level":2,"score":0.4433627128601074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018412434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7889","display_name":"Video game","level":2,"score":0.4222421944141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.3309020400047302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.17132407426834106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14123153686523438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08093121647834778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/imet54801.2022.9929595","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/imet54801.2022.9929595","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 International Conference on Interactive Media, Smart Systems and Emerging Technologies (IMET)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.open-access.bcu.ac.uk:13568","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.open-access.bcu.ac.uk/13568/1/A_NEAT_Approach_to_Wave_Generation_in_Tower_Defense_Games___IMET.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.open-access.bcu.ac.uk/13568/1/A_NEAT_Approach_to_Wave_Generation_in_Tower_Defense_Games___IMET.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402654","display_name":"BCU Open Access Repository (Birmingham City University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I12870472","host_organization_name":"Birmingham City University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1674110665","https://openalex.org/W1931992032","https://openalex.org/W1964088411","https://openalex.org/W1995341919","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2101970752","https://openalex.org/W2111935653","https://openalex.org/W2139165539","https://openalex.org/W2168304578","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2792339738","https://openalex.org/W2898638632","https://openalex.org/W2913940485","https://openalex.org/W2949869682","https://openalex.org/W2975753391","https://openalex.org/W2979816491","https://openalex.org/W3093908578","https://openalex.org/W4238916588","https://openalex.org/W4300984226","https://openalex.org/W6642477755"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2168909409","https://openalex.org/W2144357723","https://openalex.org/W2950402165","https://openalex.org/W2114981325","https://openalex.org/W4302038648","https://openalex.org/W2099397840","https://openalex.org/W2249125133","https://openalex.org/W2857150653","https://openalex.org/W1696690530","https://openalex.org/W4386790559"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neural":[0],"networks":[1],"have":[2,11],"shown":[3],"promise":[4],"when":[5],"applied":[6,33],"to":[7,34,41,72,113,160,172,203,213],"video":[8],"games":[9],"and":[10,78,150,216],"proven":[12],"effective":[13],"at":[14],"performing":[15],"tasks":[16],"such":[17],"as":[18,68,139],"dynamic":[19,43],"difficulty":[20],"adjustment":[21],"(DDA).":[22],"This":[23],"paper":[24,195],"explores":[25],"how":[26],"an":[27,80,126],"evolving":[28],"neural":[29,63],"network":[30,64,94],"can":[31,180],"be":[32,131],"a":[35,69,103,118],"tower":[36,90],"defense":[37],"game":[38,76,204,228],"in":[39,102,144,169,206],"order":[40],"generate":[42,79,221],"content":[44,136,179,185,222],"with":[45],"the":[46,53,74,87,108,115,155,182,191,207],"intent":[47],"of":[48,55,59,120,184,193,224],"increasing":[49],"player":[50,146,161],"engagement":[51,162],"through":[52],"principals":[54],"flow.":[56],"A":[57],"NeuroEvolution":[58],"Augmenting":[60],"Topologies":[61],"(NEAT)":[62],"(NN)":[65],"was":[66,95],"trained":[67],"wave":[70,83],"manager":[71],"observe":[73],"current":[75,89],"state":[77],"opposing":[81],"enemy":[82],"which":[84],"best":[85],"challenges":[86],"players'":[88],"defenses.":[91],"The":[92,122],"resulting":[93],"compared":[96],"against":[97],"manually":[98],"designed":[99,152],"human":[100,151,188,227],"waves":[101,116],"blind":[104],"A/B":[105],"test":[106],"using":[107],"Games":[109],"Experience":[110],"Questionnaire":[111],"(GEQ)":[112],"evaluate":[114],"across":[117],"range":[119],"criteria.":[121],"results":[123],"show":[124],"that":[125,197],"approach":[127,199],"like":[128],"this":[129,170,194,198],"could":[130],"viable":[132],"if":[133,175],"used":[134],"for":[135],"generation":[137],"purposes":[138],"no":[140],"discernible":[141],"difference":[142],"existed":[143],"reported":[145],"experience":[147],"between":[148],"AI":[149,220],"waves.":[153],"However,":[154],"findings":[156,192],"regarding":[157],"subsequent":[158],"increases":[159],"were":[163],"inconclusive.":[164],"More":[165],"research":[166],"is":[167],"required":[168],"field":[171],"conclusively":[173],"determine":[174],"machine":[176],"learning":[177],"generated":[178],"exceed":[181],"quality":[183],"created":[186],"by":[187,210,218],"designers,":[189],"but":[190],"indicate":[196],"may":[200],"prove":[201],"valuable":[202],"developers":[205],"near":[208],"future":[209],"allowing":[211],"them":[212],"save":[214],"time":[215],"money":[217],"having":[219],"instead":[223],"requiring":[225],"costly":[226],"designer":[229],"time.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
