{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391743154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/imcom60618.2024.10418339","title":"SREMIC: Spatial Relation Extraction-based Malware Image Classification","display_name":"SREMIC: Spatial Relation Extraction-based Malware Image Classification","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391743154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/imcom60618.2024.10418339"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/imcom60618.2024.10418339","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/imcom60618.2024.10418339","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 18th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication (IMCOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101303708","display_name":"Inzamamul Alam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6564-4867"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205746353","display_name":"University of Dhaka","ror":"https://ror.org/05wv2vq37","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205746353"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Inzamamul Alam","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Dhaka,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Dhaka,Bangladesh","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Dhaka,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Dhaka,Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205746353"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205746353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045591099","display_name":"Md. Samiullah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205746353","display_name":"University of Dhaka","ror":"https://ror.org/05wv2vq37","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205746353"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Samiullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Dhaka,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Dhaka,Bangladesh","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Dhaka,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Dhaka,Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205746353"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205746353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072292317","display_name":"Upama Kabir","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205746353","display_name":"University of Dhaka","ror":"https://ror.org/05wv2vq37","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205746353"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Upama Kabir","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Dhaka,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Dhaka,Bangladesh","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Dhaka,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Dhaka,Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205746353"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205746353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033106393","display_name":"Simon S. Woo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8983-1542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Woo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sungkyunkwan University,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Suwon,Gyeonggi-do,South Korea","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sungkyunkwan University,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Suwon,Gyeonggi-do,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016113718","display_name":"Carson K. Leung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7541-9127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carson K. Leung","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Manitoba,Department of Computer Science,Winnipeg,MB,Canada","Department of Computer Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manitoba,Department of Computer Science,Winnipeg,MB,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103962012","display_name":"Hoang Hai Nguyen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hoang Hai Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Manitoba,Department of Computer Science,Winnipeg,MB,Canada","Department of Computer Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manitoba,Department of Computer Science,Winnipeg,MB,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101303708"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205746353"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1304,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74128607,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.745922863483429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.7181012034416199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relation","display_name":"Relation (database)","score":0.706337034702301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5653653144836426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.5228458046913147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5211241841316223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5191230177879333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-relation","display_name":"Spatial relation","score":0.4586179256439209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4545537233352661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extraction","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","score":0.4497338831424713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.37947696447372437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3584771752357483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.13576894998550415}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.745922863483429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.7181012034416199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.706337034702301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5653653144836426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.5228458046913147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5211241841316223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5191230177879333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27511587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2178623","display_name":"Spatial relation","level":2,"score":0.4586179256439209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4545537233352661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4725764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844704","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.4497338831424713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.37947696447372437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3584771752357483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.13576894998550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/imcom60618.2024.10418339","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/imcom60618.2024.10418339","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 18th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication (IMCOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2010065958","https://openalex.org/W2738219410","https://openalex.org/W2751469117","https://openalex.org/W2766576889","https://openalex.org/W2769312722","https://openalex.org/W2788864200","https://openalex.org/W2795033129","https://openalex.org/W2796394805","https://openalex.org/W2804675504","https://openalex.org/W2885747980","https://openalex.org/W2889100747","https://openalex.org/W2931858311","https://openalex.org/W2944906040","https://openalex.org/W2945186414","https://openalex.org/W2946135048","https://openalex.org/W3025067198","https://openalex.org/W3097625942","https://openalex.org/W3215786562","https://openalex.org/W4214686810","https://openalex.org/W4214909787","https://openalex.org/W4282929420","https://openalex.org/W4388425984","https://openalex.org/W6744049000","https://openalex.org/W6748641434","https://openalex.org/W6785033622"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2097492617","https://openalex.org/W2753240997","https://openalex.org/W1764168690","https://openalex.org/W2537959205","https://openalex.org/W2740895074","https://openalex.org/W2772446090","https://openalex.org/W3152891574","https://openalex.org/W2249809453","https://openalex.org/W4284893819","https://openalex.org/W2565656575"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Around":[0],"800,000":[1],"people":[2],"fall":[3],"prey":[4],"to":[5,16,28,38,45,88,106],"cyberattacks":[6],"annually,":[7],"most":[8],"often":[9],"by":[10,33],"\u201cmalware\u201d.":[11],"Malware":[12,62],"has":[13,86],"the":[14,99],"potential":[15],"become":[17],"a":[18,25,152,157],"destructive":[19],"weapon":[20],"in":[21,43,91,149,172],"Cyber-world.":[22],"It":[23,35],"is":[24,36,179],"difficult":[26],"task":[27],"manually":[29],"thwart":[30],"an":[31],"assault":[32],"malware.":[34],"crucial":[37],"properly":[39],"categorize":[40],"malware":[41,50,123,130,171],"binaries":[42],"order":[44],"identify":[46,168],"their":[47],"origins.":[48],"Furthermore,":[49],"structure":[51],"discovery":[52],"through":[53],"basic":[54],"feature":[55],"extraction":[56],"approaches":[57,71],"are":[58],"time-consuming":[59],"and":[60,77,163,169,175,185,197,209],"challenging.":[61],"classification":[63,131],"was":[64],"previously":[65],"solved":[66],"using":[67,181],"naive":[68],"machine":[69,75],"learning":[70,84],"like":[72,183],"support":[73],"vector":[74],"(SVM)":[76],"extreme":[78],"gradient":[79],"boosting":[80],"(XGBoost).":[81],"Recently,":[82],"deep":[83],"(DL)":[85],"shown":[87],"be":[89,119],"impactful":[90],"finding":[92],"malicious":[93],"patterns.":[94],"Without":[95],"DL,":[96],"analysis":[97],"of":[98,102,156,193],"vast":[100],"amounts":[101],"available":[103],"data":[104,164],"tends":[105],"impossible.":[107],"Existing":[108],"methods":[109],"(e.g.,":[110],"transfer":[111],"learning,":[112],"fusion":[113],"methodology,":[114],"ensemble":[115],"learning)":[116],"may":[117],"not":[118,140],"effective":[120],"on":[121],"actual":[122],"binary":[124],"files.":[125],"Moreover,":[126],"some":[127],"single":[128],"image-based":[129],"used":[132],"rudimentary":[133],"convolutional":[134],"neural":[135],"network":[136],"(CNN)":[137],"that":[138,166],"does":[139],"perform":[141],"well.":[142],"Faced":[143],"with":[144,155,160],"these":[145],"challenges,":[146],"we":[147],"propose":[148],"this":[150],"paper":[151],"novel":[153],"model":[154,178,189],"spatial":[158],"CNN":[159],"sufficient":[161],"regularization":[162],"augmentation":[165],"can":[167],"classify":[170],"images":[173],"effectively":[174],"efficiently.":[176],"Our":[177,202],"evaluated":[180],"datasets":[182],"MalImg":[184,196],"Microfsoft-Big.":[186],"The":[187],"proposed":[188],"achieves":[190],"validation":[191],"score":[192],"99.93%":[194],"for":[195,199],"99.72%":[198],"Microsoft-Big":[200],"datasets.":[201],"approach":[203],"outperforms":[204],"VGG16,":[205],"VGG19,":[206],"ResNet50,":[207],"EfficientNetB1,":[208],"Google's":[210],"Inception":[211],"v3,":[212],"including":[213],"state-of-the-art":[214],"(SOTA)":[215],"techniques.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}