{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3007377324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/imcom48794.2020.9001774","title":"Using Deep Learning to Solve Google reCAPTCHA v2\u2019s Image Challenges","display_name":"Using Deep Learning to Solve Google reCAPTCHA v2\u2019s Image Challenges","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3007377324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/imcom48794.2020.9001774","mag":"3007377324"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/imcom48794.2020.9001774","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/imcom48794.2020.9001774","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 14th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication (IMCOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023982780","display_name":"Dylan Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51504820","display_name":"San Jose State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qyvz380","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dylan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, San Jos\u00e9 State University, San Jos\u00e9, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, San Jos\u00e9 State University, San Jos\u00e9, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021884742","display_name":"Melody Moh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8313-6645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51504820","display_name":"San Jose State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qyvz380","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Melody Moh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, San Jos\u00e9 State University, San Jos\u00e9, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, San Jos\u00e9 State University, San Jos\u00e9, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019298277","display_name":"Teng-Sheng Moh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2726-102X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51504820","display_name":"San Jose State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qyvz380","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teng-Sheng Moh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, San Jos\u00e9 State University, San Jos\u00e9, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, San Jos\u00e9 State University, San Jos\u00e9, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023982780"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8683,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88771013,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9818000197410583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.979200005531311,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/captcha","display_name":"CAPTCHA","score":0.9781258702278137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8050576448440552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.7950953245162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6799346208572388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.589677095413208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5814952850341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.500032901763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3846394419670105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.07360953092575073}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163339463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484598","display_name":"CAPTCHA","level":2,"score":0.9781258702278137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8050576448440552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.7950953245162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6799346208572388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.589677095413208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5814952850341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.500032901763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3846394419670105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.07360953092575073}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/imcom48794.2020.9001774","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/imcom48794.2020.9001774","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 14th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication (IMCOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2796347433","https://openalex.org/W2896013314","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W6750227808"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3134776999","https://openalex.org/W2028308373","https://openalex.org/W2064097623","https://openalex.org/W1966530388","https://openalex.org/W1975364925","https://openalex.org/W2566963304","https://openalex.org/W2111502540","https://openalex.org/W1502766620","https://openalex.org/W4366994647","https://openalex.org/W2770704788"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,47,80],"most":[1],"popular":[2],"CAPTCHA":[3,18],"service":[4],"in":[5,28,69],"use":[6],"today":[7],"is":[8,15,50],"Google":[9],"reCAPTCHA":[10,29,98],"v2,":[11],"whose":[12],"main":[13],"offering":[14],"an":[16],"image-based":[17],"challenge.":[19],"This":[20],"paper":[21,81],"looks":[22],"into":[23],"the":[24,78],"security":[25,91],"measures":[26,87],"used":[27,42],"v2's":[30],"image":[31],"challenges":[32],"and":[33,92],"proposes":[34],"a":[35,54],"deep":[36,58],"learning-based":[37],"solution":[38],"that":[39],"can":[40],"be":[41],"to":[43,76,88],"automatically":[44],"solve":[45],"them.":[46],"proposed":[48],"method":[49],"tested":[51],"with":[52,71],"both":[53],"custom":[55],"object-":[56],"detection":[57],"learning":[59],"model":[60],"as":[61,63],"well":[62],"Google's":[64],"own":[65],"Cloud":[66],"Vision":[67],"API,":[68],"conjunction":[70],"human":[72],"mimicking":[73],"mouse":[74],"movements":[75],"bypass":[77],"challenges.":[79],"also":[82],"suggests":[83],"some":[84],"potential":[85],"defense":[86],"increase":[89],"overall":[90],"other":[93],"additional":[94],"attack":[95],"directions":[96],"for":[97],"v2.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-17T23:10:49.606395","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
