{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416252062","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn64981.2025.11229003","title":"Dynamic Cognitive Bias: Hallucination and Forgetting in the Cognitive Dynamics of LLMs","display_name":"Dynamic Cognitive Bias: Hallucination and Forgetting in the Cognitive Dynamics of LLMs","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416252062","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn64981.2025.11229003"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn64981.2025.11229003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn64981.2025.11229003","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061378893","display_name":"Ziyi Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6459-4715"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ziyi Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences,The Key Laboratory of Cognition and Decision Intelligence for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences,The Key Laboratory of Cognition and Decision Intelligence for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041520845","display_name":"Sanyi Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-746X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sen Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southeast University,Nanjing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University,Nanjing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067275102","display_name":"Xuhao Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2436-7961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuhao Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Melbourne,Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology,Melbourne,Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Melbourne,Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology,Melbourne,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Liguo Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liguo Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences,The Key Laboratory of Cognition and Decision Intelligence for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences,The Key Laboratory of Cognition and Decision Intelligence for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041894655","display_name":"Pin Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3425-9913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pin Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences,The Key Laboratory of Cognition and Decision Intelligence for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences,The Key Laboratory of Cognition and Decision Intelligence for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061378893"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18850733,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.1298999935388565,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.1298999935388565,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.07919999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.07880000025033951,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forgetting","display_name":"Forgetting","score":0.6773999929428101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recall","display_name":"Recall","score":0.5796999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.5769000053405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motivated-forgetting","display_name":"Motivated forgetting","score":0.3398999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.3068000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.28529998660087585}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7149132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377840","display_name":"Forgetting","level":2,"score":0.6773999929428101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.5895000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.5796999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5769000053405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5066999793052673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4108999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95012187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6917862","display_name":"Motivated forgetting","level":3,"score":0.3398999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.3068000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.28529998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780769854","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1499171","display_name":"Perseveration","level":3,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8521452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203790","display_name":"Connectionism","level":3,"score":0.2531999945640564}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn64981.2025.11229003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn64981.2025.11229003","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1682403713","https://openalex.org/W2963748441","https://openalex.org/W3034383590","https://openalex.org/W3120894151","https://openalex.org/W4200473023","https://openalex.org/W4309674289","https://openalex.org/W4323655724","https://openalex.org/W4383567286","https://openalex.org/W4385571157","https://openalex.org/W4389043118","https://openalex.org/W4393145119","https://openalex.org/W4402671287","https://openalex.org/W4403596762","https://openalex.org/W4403863406","https://openalex.org/W4404783053","https://openalex.org/W4404783247","https://openalex.org/W4405785078","https://openalex.org/W4411120324","https://openalex.org/W4411631879","https://openalex.org/W4412889579"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"Language":[1],"Models":[2],"(LLMs)":[3],"have":[4,67],"achieved":[5],"remarkable":[6],"success":[7],"across":[8],"a":[9,98,184],"wide":[10],"range":[11],"of":[12,147,197],"tasks,":[13],"showcasing":[14],"their":[15,73],"transformative":[16],"potential":[17],"in":[18,41,71],"natural":[19],"language":[20],"processing.":[21],"However,":[22],"these":[23,65,112],"models":[24,35],"face":[25],"two":[26,113,124],"persistent":[27],"challenges:":[28],"hallucination":[29,88,155,170],"and":[30,89,130,136,156,166,180,188,195],"forgetting.":[31,173],"Hallucination":[32],"occurs":[33],"when":[34],"generate":[36],"fabricated":[37],"or":[38,45,56],"inaccurate":[39],"information":[40],"response":[42],"to":[43,51,54,106],"unfamiliar":[44],"out-of-distribution":[46],"inputs,":[47],"while":[48],"forgetting":[49,90,162],"refers":[50],"the":[52,84,109,145,152,193],"inability":[53],"retain":[55],"recall":[57],"previously":[58],"learned":[59],"knowledge":[60],"during":[61,94],"continued":[62],"training.":[63,95],"Although":[64],"phenomena":[66],"been":[68],"extensively":[69],"studied":[70],"isolation,":[72],"intrinsic":[74],"connection":[75],"remains":[76],"largely":[77],"un-explored.":[78],"In":[79],"this":[80],"paper,":[81],"we":[82,119],"investigate":[83],"dialectical":[85],"relationship":[86],"between":[87,111,154],"through":[91],"gradient":[92],"dynamics":[93],"We":[96],"propose":[97],"novel":[99],"theory,":[100],"Dynamic":[101],"Cognitive":[102],"Bias":[103],"Entropy":[104],"(HDCB),":[105],"jointly":[107],"quantify":[108],"trade-offs":[110],"phenomena.":[114],"To":[115],"validate":[116],"our":[117],"findings,":[118,175],"conduct":[120],"experiments":[121],"based":[122],"on":[123],"benchmark":[125],"datasets,":[126],"BIG-Bench":[127],"Hard":[128],"(BBH)":[129],"SQuAD,":[131],"using":[132],"LLaMA":[133],"3.2":[134],"1B":[135],"GPT":[137],"3.5":[138],"turbo":[139],"models.":[140],"Our":[141],"results":[142],"demonstrate":[143],"that":[144],"order":[146],"training":[148,160,168],"data":[149],"significantly":[150],"impacts":[151],"balance":[153],"forgetting,":[157],"with":[158],"\"known-first\"":[159],"minimizing":[161],"but":[163,171],"increasing":[164],"hallucination,":[165],"\"unknown-first\"":[167],"reducing":[169],"exacerbating":[172],"These":[174],"supported":[176],"by":[177],"entropy-based":[178],"proofs":[179],"gradient-driven":[181],"insights,":[182],"provide":[183],"unified":[185],"theoretical":[186],"foundation":[187],"practical":[189],"guidance":[190],"for":[191],"improving":[192],"reliability":[194],"robustness":[196],"LLMs.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T23:56:10.502304","created_date":"2025-11-14T00:00:00"}