{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416251111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn64981.2025.11228831","title":"ETELTLf: A Recursive Embedding Approach for LTL <sub>f</sub> Satisfiability Checking in CPSs","display_name":"ETELTLf: A Recursive Embedding Approach for LTL <sub>f</sub> Satisfiability Checking in CPSs","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416251111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn64981.2025.11228831"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn64981.2025.11228831","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn64981.2025.11228831","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006076284","display_name":"Luxi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9959-9134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139618","display_name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing","ror":"https://ror.org/030qbr085","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139618"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luxi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["East China Normal University,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing,Shanghai,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"East China Normal University,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139618","https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102662845","display_name":"Yuxin Mei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139618","display_name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing","ror":"https://ror.org/030qbr085","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139618"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxin Mei","raw_affiliation_strings":["East China Normal University,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing,Shanghai,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"East China Normal University,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139618","https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100729784","display_name":"Xu Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8967-4372"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139618","display_name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing","ror":"https://ror.org/030qbr085","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139618"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["East China Normal University,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing,Shanghai,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"East China Normal University,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139618","https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100375018","display_name":"Jing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5347-8281"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139618","display_name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing","ror":"https://ror.org/030qbr085","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139618"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["East China Normal University,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing,Shanghai,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"East China Normal University,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139618","https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9273999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9273999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.00989999994635582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.004600000102072954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-tree-logic","display_name":"Computation tree logic","score":0.7116000056266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-temporal-logic","display_name":"Linear temporal logic","score":0.6988999843597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.5986999869346619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-logic","display_name":"Temporal logic","score":0.5949000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satisfiability","display_name":"Satisfiability","score":0.5382999777793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-checking","display_name":"Model checking","score":0.522599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-decision-diagram","display_name":"Binary decision diagram","score":0.4848000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kripke-structure","display_name":"Kripke structure","score":0.4571000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.41940000653266907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198008173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1040040","display_name":"Computation tree logic","level":3,"score":0.7116000056266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4777664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1536492","display_name":"Linear temporal logic","level":2,"score":0.6988999843597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6559000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.5986999869346619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25016198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q781833","display_name":"Temporal logic","level":2,"score":0.5949000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5703999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168773769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1350299","display_name":"Satisfiability","level":2,"score":0.5382999777793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110251889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569697","display_name":"Model checking","level":2,"score":0.522599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3309909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864155","display_name":"Binary decision diagram","level":2,"score":0.4848000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161913894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1077740","display_name":"Kripke structure","level":3,"score":0.4571000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.41940000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73301696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5469984","display_name":"Formalism (music)","level":3,"score":0.4066999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.3970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162670838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6057295","display_name":"Interval temporal logic","level":3,"score":0.39160001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111498074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173326","display_name":"Formal verification","level":2,"score":0.3749000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.37119999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.359499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.337799996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3352999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6943359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875276","display_name":"Boolean satisfiability problem","level":2,"score":0.33000001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112505250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q787116","display_name":"Automaton","level":2,"score":0.3253999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21308566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7169365","display_name":"Permutation (music)","level":2,"score":0.32089999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135315306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866364","display_name":"Bisimulation","level":2,"score":0.31139999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164155591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2067766","display_name":"Satisfiability modulo theories","level":2,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.29190000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C311688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393193","display_name":"Time complexity","level":2,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.25999999046325684}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn64981.2025.11228831","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn64981.2025.11228831","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W233122475","https://openalex.org/W1752393975","https://openalex.org/W2443228692","https://openalex.org/W2997090216","https://openalex.org/W2997319416","https://openalex.org/W3048042712","https://openalex.org/W3064086008","https://openalex.org/W3202905720","https://openalex.org/W3205027972","https://openalex.org/W4285602581","https://openalex.org/W4313563695","https://openalex.org/W4372260435","https://openalex.org/W4388483620","https://openalex.org/W4402442270","https://openalex.org/W4402979554"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Linear":[0],"Temporal":[1],"Logic":[2],"over":[3],"Finite":[4],"Traces":[5],"(LTLf)":[6],"is":[7,18,57,95,189,209,258],"a":[8,31,89,118,153],"formalism":[9],"derived":[10],"from":[11],"classical":[12],"linear":[13],"temporal":[14,147],"logic":[15],"(LTL).":[16],"It":[17,42],"primarily":[19],"applicable":[20],"to":[21,212,236,253],"systems":[22],"and":[23,84,149,161,176,195,204],"tasks":[24],"that":[25,126,219],"require":[26],"verification":[27],"or":[28,67],"validation":[29],"within":[30,152],"limited":[32],"time":[33,112,133],"frame,":[34],"particularly":[35],"in":[36,198],"the":[37,46,65,71,76,81,158,163,171,181,193,199,202,205,214,237],"domain":[38],"of":[39,49,55,70,78,146,184,201,251],"artificial":[40],"intelligence.":[41],"also":[43],"effectively":[44,169],"addresses":[45],"specific":[47],"requirements":[48,69],"Cyber-Physical":[50],"Systems":[51],"(CPSs).":[52],"The":[53,186,255],"behavior":[54,82],"CPSs":[56,79],"typically":[58,96],"represented":[59],"by":[60,88],"state":[61],"trajectories.":[62],"LTLfcan":[63],"describe":[64],"goals":[66],"safety":[68],"system.":[72],"To":[73],"verify":[74],"whether":[75],"trajectory":[77],"satisfies":[80],"planning":[83],"anomaly":[85],"detection":[86],"specified":[87],"given":[90],"logical":[91,174],"formula,":[92,203],"LTLfsatisfiability":[93],"checking":[94],"performed.":[97],"Typically,":[98],"many":[99],"studies":[100],"employ":[101],"advanced":[102],"approaches":[103],"based":[104,121,191],"on":[105,122,192,225],"symbolic":[106],"checkers,":[107],"which":[108],"incur":[109],"significant":[110,230],"additional":[111],"costs.":[113,134],"Therefore,":[114],"we":[115],"propose":[116],"EELTLf,":[117],"novel":[119],"model":[120],"recurrent":[123],"neural":[124,239],"networks":[125],"achieves":[127,246],"strong":[128],"performance":[129],"while":[130],"significantly":[131],"reducing":[132],"EELTLf":[135],"integrates":[136],"expression":[137],"tree":[138],"embedding":[139,159],"(ETE)":[140],"with":[141],"LTLfformulas,":[142],"enabling":[143],"simultaneous":[144],"modeling":[145,187],"reasoning":[148],"mathematical":[150,177],"computation":[151],"unified":[154],"framework.":[155],"By":[156],"sharing":[157],"space":[160],"utilizing":[162],"cross-operator":[164],"attention":[165],"mechanism,":[166],"this":[167],"approach":[168,221,241,245],"captures":[170],"interaction":[172],"between":[173],"operators":[175],"expressions,":[178],"thereby":[179],"obtaining":[180],"semantic":[182],"features":[183],"LTLfformulas.":[185],"analysis":[188],"conducted":[190],"permutation":[194],"substitution":[196],"invariance":[197],"semantics":[200],"Binary":[206],"Classification":[207],"method":[208],"ultimately":[210],"employed":[211],"normalize":[213],"output.":[215],"Experimental":[216],"results":[217],"show":[218],"our":[220,244],"performs":[222],"exceptionally":[223],"well":[224],"randomly":[226],"synthesized":[227],"datasets,":[228],"achieving":[229],"improvements":[231],"across":[232],"various":[233],"metrics":[234],"compared":[235],"state-of-the-art":[238],"network":[240],"LTLfNet.":[242],"Notably,":[243],"an":[247],"average":[248],"recall":[249],"value":[250],"up":[252],"99.9%.":[254],"source":[256],"code":[257],"available":[259],"at":[260],"https://anonymous.4open.science/r/ETELTLfDF46.":[261]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-11-14T00:00:00"}