{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416250903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn64981.2025.11228302","title":"Para-X: Graph-based Facial Paralysis Detection using Structural Deformations of Facial Expression","display_name":"Para-X: Graph-based Facial Paralysis Detection using Structural Deformations of Facial Expression","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416250903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn64981.2025.11228302"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn64981.2025.11228302","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn64981.2025.11228302","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043114779","display_name":"Nandani Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0096-9754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9579091","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Mandi","ror":"https://ror.org/05r9r2f34","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9579091"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nandani Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology,Vision Intelligence and Machine Learning (VIML) Group School of Computing and Electrical Engineering,Mandi,India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology,Vision Intelligence and Machine Learning (VIML) Group School of Computing and Electrical Engineering,Mandi,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9579091"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101580806","display_name":"Kajal Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2274-8664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9579091","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Mandi","ror":"https://ror.org/05r9r2f34","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9579091"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kajal Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology,Vision Intelligence and Machine Learning (VIML) Group School of Computing and Electrical Engineering,Mandi,India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology,Vision Intelligence and Machine Learning (VIML) Group School of Computing and Electrical Engineering,Mandi,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9579091"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077717460","display_name":"Dinesh Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8889-9847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9579091","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Mandi","ror":"https://ror.org/05r9r2f34","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9579091"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dinesh Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology,Vision Intelligence and Machine Learning (VIML) Group School of Computing and Electrical Engineering,Mandi,India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology,Vision Intelligence and Machine Learning (VIML) Group School of Computing and Electrical Engineering,Mandi,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9579091"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043114779"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9579091"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49343066,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12301","display_name":"Facial Nerve Paralysis Treatment and Research","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12301","display_name":"Facial Nerve Paralysis Treatment and Research","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11094","display_name":"Face Recognition and Perception","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4966000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-action-coding-system","display_name":"Facial Action Coding System","score":0.4885999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-muscles","display_name":"Facial muscles","score":0.42719998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-paralysis","display_name":"Facial paralysis","score":0.41499999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.40860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-hallucination","display_name":"Face hallucination","score":0.35530000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-appearance-model","display_name":"Active appearance model","score":0.35519999265670776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6169000267982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4966000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40346341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1391629","display_name":"Facial Action Coding System","level":3,"score":0.4885999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780905192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2341604","display_name":"Facial muscles","level":2,"score":0.42719998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4212999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781019609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7562539","display_name":"Facial paralysis","level":2,"score":0.41499999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.40860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54654163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428359","display_name":"Face hallucination","level":5,"score":0.35530000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83248878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q344000","display_name":"Active appearance model","level":3,"score":0.35519999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.3025999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.30160000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778987478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242160","display_name":"Facial nerve","level":2,"score":0.2996000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27158222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532422","display_name":"Generalizability theory","level":2,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778097013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68212673","display_name":"Palsy","level":3,"score":0.2768999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161657702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q529895","display_name":"Face perception","level":3,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138591656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157538","display_name":"Computer facial animation","level":4,"score":0.25540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.2524999976158142}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn64981.2025.11228302","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn64981.2025.11228302","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W13529951","https://openalex.org/W165395649","https://openalex.org/W1835934842","https://openalex.org/W2035372623","https://openalex.org/W2045472600","https://openalex.org/W2087681821","https://openalex.org/W2121684305","https://openalex.org/W2410840688","https://openalex.org/W2475295588","https://openalex.org/W2604314403","https://openalex.org/W2609869850","https://openalex.org/W2893321012","https://openalex.org/W2900489240","https://openalex.org/W2962946486","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2969316260","https://openalex.org/W2998028216","https://openalex.org/W3010873937","https://openalex.org/W3083239214","https://openalex.org/W3122273615","https://openalex.org/W3141819983","https://openalex.org/W3155034063","https://openalex.org/W3155670521","https://openalex.org/W3171838246","https://openalex.org/W3178473334","https://openalex.org/W4213141392","https://openalex.org/W4214622796","https://openalex.org/W4214824421","https://openalex.org/W4220822815","https://openalex.org/W4283260867","https://openalex.org/W4283368621","https://openalex.org/W4285128513","https://openalex.org/W4285506290","https://openalex.org/W4290653880","https://openalex.org/W4307244002","https://openalex.org/W4309696464","https://openalex.org/W4313065529","https://openalex.org/W4323240373","https://openalex.org/W4362703401","https://openalex.org/W4388004147","https://openalex.org/W4389133576","https://openalex.org/W4401748030","https://openalex.org/W4411575430"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Facial":[0],"paralysis,":[1],"marked":[2],"by":[3,40],"the":[4,64,68,86,95,98,101,107,110,113,116,120,125,141,159,167,188,193],"inability":[5],"to":[6,50,77,139,169,196],"move":[7],"specific":[8],"facial":[9,38,44,56,83,90,121,144,154,176,183,198,202],"muscles,":[10],"often":[11],"results":[12],"from":[13,153],"nerve":[14],"damage,":[15],"strokes,":[16],"or":[17],"neurological":[18],"disorders.":[19],"Prompt":[20],"and":[21,29,58,112,162,172,190,210],"accurate":[22],"detection":[23],"is":[24],"essential":[25],"for":[26,181],"effective":[27],"diagnosis":[28],"treatment,":[30],"potentially":[31],"improving":[32],"recovery":[33],"outcomes.":[34],"Recent":[35],"studies":[36,186],"identified":[37],"paralysis":[39,199,203],"analyzing":[41],"alterations":[42],"in":[43,200],"expressions":[45],"of":[46,52,82,89,109,115,119,143,192],"affected":[47],"individuals":[48],"relative":[49],"those":[51],"unaffected":[53],"individuals,":[54],"utilizing":[55],"attributes":[57,122],"landmark":[59],"data;":[60],"nevertheless,":[61],"they":[62],"overlooked":[63],"structural":[65,75,133],"information":[66,76,134],"among":[67,175],"diverse":[69],"face":[70,136],"features.":[71,84],"This":[72],"work":[73],"utilizes":[74],"offer":[78],"a":[79],"graphical":[80],"depiction":[81],"In":[85,157],"graph":[87,129,163],"representation":[88],"attributes,":[91,177],"key-points":[92,111],"serve":[93],"as":[94,206],"vertices.":[96],"At":[97],"same":[99],"time,":[100],"edges":[102],"are":[103,179],"established":[104],"based":[105],"on":[106],"closeness":[108],"similarity":[114],"local":[117,171],"appearance":[118],"conveyed":[123],"via":[124],"vision":[126,160],"transformer.":[127],"Advanced":[128],"convolutional":[130,164],"networks":[131],"integrate":[132],"into":[135],"attribute":[137,155],"encoding":[138],"enhance":[140],"identification":[142],"expressions.":[145],"Consequently,":[146],"Para-X":[147],"acquires":[148],"highly":[149],"expressive":[150],"semantic":[151],"representations":[152],"graphs.":[156],"contrast,":[158],"transformer":[161],"blocks":[165],"enable":[166],"framework":[168],"leverage":[170],"global":[173],"dependencies":[174],"which":[178],"crucial":[180],"recognizing":[182],"paralysis.":[184],"Comprehensive":[185],"demonstrate":[187],"robustness":[189],"generalizability":[191],"proposed":[194],"methodology":[195],"identify":[197],"various":[201],"datasets":[204],"such":[205],"AFLFP,":[207],"YFPD,":[208],"FDPDI,":[209],"our":[211],"FPD":[212],"dataset.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-11-14T00:00:00"}
