{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416251922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn64981.2025.11227973","title":"Efficient Domain-Specific LLMs: Energy Profiling in Medical QA Tasks","display_name":"Efficient Domain-Specific LLMs: Energy Profiling in Medical QA Tasks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416251922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn64981.2025.11227973"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn64981.2025.11227973","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn64981.2025.11227973","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101862406","display_name":"Cesar Torres","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1555-2380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118730","display_name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Tijuana","ror":"https://ror.org/03dga7879","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118730"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cesar Torres","raw_affiliation_strings":["TECNM,Division of Graduate Studies and Research Tijuana Institute of Technology,Tijuana,Mexico,22414"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TECNM,Division of Graduate Studies and Research Tijuana Institute of Technology,Tijuana,Mexico,22414","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118730"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039248013","display_name":"Claudia I. Gonz\u00e1lez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1631-033X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118730","display_name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Tijuana","ror":"https://ror.org/03dga7879","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118730"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudia I. Gonzalez","raw_affiliation_strings":["TECNM,Division of Graduate Studies and Research Tijuana Institute of Technology,Tijuana,Mexico,22414"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TECNM,Division of Graduate Studies and Research Tijuana Institute of Technology,Tijuana,Mexico,22414","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118730"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015419056","display_name":"M\u00e1rio Garcia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3024-6189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118730","display_name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Tijuana","ror":"https://ror.org/03dga7879","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118730"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario Garcia","raw_affiliation_strings":["TECNM,Division of Graduate Studies and Research Tijuana Institute of Technology,Tijuana,Mexico,22414"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TECNM,Division of Graduate Studies and Research Tijuana Institute of Technology,Tijuana,Mexico,22414","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118730"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063930069","display_name":"J. J. Merelo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1385-9741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan J. Merelo-Guerv\u00f3s","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Granada,Automatics and Robotics,Department of Computer Engineering,Granada,Spain,18071"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Granada,Automatics and Robotics,Department of Computer Engineering,Granada,Spain,18071","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.32536816,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.27129998803138733,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.27129998803138733,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.1534000039100647,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.07639999687671661,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.8395000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.7199000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workstation","display_name":"Workstation","score":0.7095999717712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profiling","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","score":0.6040999889373779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.5338000059127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5083000063896179}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.8395000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.7199000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67953723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192525","display_name":"Workstation","level":2,"score":0.7095999717712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187191949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138496","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.6040999889373779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.5338000059127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5083000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4147999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3244999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.31029999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.30820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2712000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.2542000114917755}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn64981.2025.11227973","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn64981.2025.11227973","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3214897310","https://openalex.org/W4214584464","https://openalex.org/W4283704460","https://openalex.org/W4381930847","https://openalex.org/W4384078014","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4385571011","https://openalex.org/W4415798212"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"current":[1],"challenge":[2],"in":[3,27],"computational":[4,149],"technology":[5],"is":[6],"the":[7,13,28,36,122,157,167],"increasing":[8],"energy":[9,41,83,147],"consumption":[10,42,86],"associated":[11],"with":[12],"development":[14],"and":[15,40,65,84,124,148,171],"deployment":[16,137,158],"of":[17,78,159,169],"domain-specific":[18],"large":[19],"language":[20],"models":[21,161],"(LLMs),":[22],"such":[23,60,96,109,120],"as":[24,61,97,110,121],"those":[25],"used":[26],"medical":[29,52,160],"domain.":[30],"In":[31],"this":[32],"work,":[33],"we":[34,70],"explore":[35],"balance":[37],"between":[38],"performance":[39],"trade-offs":[43],"across":[44,87],"several":[45],"small-scale":[46],"LLMs":[47],"(1B\u20138B":[48],"parameters),":[49],"fine-tuned":[50],"for":[51,136],"multiple":[53,88],"choice":[54],"question":[55],"answering":[56],"using":[57],"efficient":[58],"methods":[59],"Low-Rank":[62],"Adaptation":[63],"(LoRA)":[64],"quantization.":[66],"For":[67],"our":[68],"experiments,":[69],"utilized":[71],"two":[72],"entry-level":[73],"professional":[74],"hardware":[75,164],"setups":[76],"representative":[77],"accessible":[79,172],"workstation":[80],"environments,":[81],"measuring":[82],"time":[85],"models.":[89],"The":[90],"results":[91],"show":[92],"that":[93],"moderate-sized":[94],"models,":[95,108,119],"LLaMA-3.1-8B,":[98],"can":[99],"achieve":[100],"accuracy":[101],"levels":[102],"comparable":[103],"to":[104],"much":[105],"larger":[106],"biomedical-tuned":[107],"PMC-LLaMA-13B,":[111],"while":[112],"requiring":[113],"substantially":[114],"less":[115],"hardware.":[116],"Additionally,":[117],"smaller":[118],"1B":[123],"3B":[125],"parameter":[126],"versions,":[127],"demonstrate":[128],"notable":[129],"efficiency":[130],"during":[131],"inference,":[132],"making":[133],"them":[134],"suitable":[135],"on":[138],"edge":[139],"devices,":[140],"which":[141],"are":[142],"traditionally":[143],"highly":[144],"constrained":[145],"by":[146],"resources.":[150],"This":[151],"paper":[152],"offers":[153],"practical":[154],"insights":[155],"into":[156],"under":[162],"realistic":[163],"limitations,":[165],"supporting":[166],"goals":[168],"energy-aware":[170],"machine":[173],"learning.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-11-14T00:00:00"}
