{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416251932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn64981.2025.11227627","title":"FedPTR: Enhancing Federated Prompt Learning with Server-Side Retraining for Non-IID Data","display_name":"FedPTR: Enhancing Federated Prompt Learning with Server-Side Retraining for Non-IID Data","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416251932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn64981.2025.11227627"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn64981.2025.11227627","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn64981.2025.11227627","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103271230","display_name":"Yufeng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4088-0126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yufeng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,School of Computer Science and Technology,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,School of Computer Science and Technology,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100343939","display_name":"Min Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2824-9601"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,School of Computer Science and Technology,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,School of Computer Science and Technology,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110966882","display_name":"Sheng Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Computing Technology,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Computing Technology,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106406114","display_name":"Zhongcheng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9485-2842"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongcheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,School of Computer Science and Technology,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,School of Computer Science and Technology,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103271230"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18308429,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.30630001425743103,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.30630001425743103,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.16609999537467957,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.14319999516010284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federated-learning","display_name":"Federated learning","score":0.9107000231742859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalization","display_name":"Personalization","score":0.6323999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.6115999817848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forgetting","display_name":"Forgetting","score":0.5665000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.5442000031471252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retraining","display_name":"Retraining","score":0.5274999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5059000253677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limiting","display_name":"Limiting","score":0.5002999901771545}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992525071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50818671","display_name":"Federated learning","level":2,"score":0.9107000231742859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183003079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000371","display_name":"Personalization","level":2,"score":0.6323999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.6115999817848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7149132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377840","display_name":"Forgetting","level":2,"score":0.5665000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.5442000031471252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778712577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505966","display_name":"Retraining","level":2,"score":0.5274999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5059000253677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.5002999901771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4674000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43790000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4214000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37560001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3637000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.36340001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.33739998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775941552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25212305","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","level":2,"score":0.3131999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780428219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16952335","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.2992999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77967617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677561","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.2955000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.28630000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.27799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.2705000042915344}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn64981.2025.11227627","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn64981.2025.11227627","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337504","display_name":"Research and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/027s68j25"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12634471","https://openalex.org/W1977295328","https://openalex.org/W2047643928","https://openalex.org/W2166049352","https://openalex.org/W2533598788","https://openalex.org/W3182158470","https://openalex.org/W3185341429","https://openalex.org/W3198377975","https://openalex.org/W4226101686","https://openalex.org/W4312310776","https://openalex.org/W4367046615","https://openalex.org/W4377713808","https://openalex.org/W4385627126","https://openalex.org/W4386767075","https://openalex.org/W4387092459","https://openalex.org/W4390872376","https://openalex.org/W4390873433","https://openalex.org/W4402754306"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Federated":[0],"Prompt":[1,75],"Learning":[2],"(FPL)":[3],"enhances":[4,104],"federated":[5,46,139],"learning":[6,141],"by":[7,51],"exchanging":[8],"optimized":[9],"prompt":[10,60,82,87,98,106,140],"vectors":[11],"instead":[12],"of":[13],"full":[14],"model":[15],"parameters,":[16],"reducing":[17],"communication":[18],"costs":[19],"and":[20,42,96,108,133],"privacy":[21],"risks.":[22],"However,":[23],"existing":[24,131],"methods":[25,132],"like":[26],"PromptFL":[27],"struggle":[28],"under":[29,142],"Non-IID":[30,119,143],"conditions,":[31],"where":[32],"heterogeneous":[33],"client":[34],"data":[35],"distributions":[36],"cause":[37],"local":[38,49],"drift,":[39],"slow":[40],"convergence,":[41],"catastrophic":[43],"forgetting.":[44],"While":[45],"personalization":[47],"improves":[48,116],"adaptation":[50],"optimizing":[52],"client-specific":[53],"prompts,":[54],"it":[55],"lacks":[56],"emphasis":[57],"on":[58,122],"global":[59,86,105],"optimization,":[61],"limiting":[62],"generalization":[63],"to":[64,84],"new":[65],"clients.":[66],"To":[67],"address":[68],"these":[69],"challenges,":[70],"we":[71],"propose":[72],"FedPTR":[73,103,114,124],"(Federated":[74],"Tuning":[76],"with":[77],"Retraining),":[78],"which":[79],"leverages":[80],"server-side":[81],"retraining":[83],"enhance":[85],"generalization.":[88,109],"By":[89],"integrating":[90],"feature":[91],"distillation":[92],"for":[93,100,138],"drift":[94],"control":[95],"template":[97],"alignment":[99],"forgetting":[101],"reduction,":[102],"stability":[107,117],"Experimental":[110],"results":[111],"show":[112],"that":[113],"significantly":[115],"in":[118],"settings.":[120],"Especially":[121],"CIFAR-10,":[123],"consistently":[125],"achieves":[126],"stable":[127],"accuracy":[128],"(89.62%\u201392.95%),":[129],"outperforming":[130],"providing":[134],"an":[135],"effective":[136],"solution":[137],"conditions.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-11-14T00:00:00"}
