{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312686037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn55064.2022.9892700","title":"Complex Question Answering over Incomplete Knowledge Graph as N-ary Link Prediction","display_name":"Complex Question Answering over Incomplete Knowledge Graph as N-ary Link Prediction","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312686037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn55064.2022.9892700"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn55064.2022.9892700","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn55064.2022.9892700","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607707","display_name":"2022 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021771488","display_name":"Daoguang Zan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4269-8543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daoguang Zan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cooperative Innovation Center, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China","Cooperative Innovation Center, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cooperative Innovation Center, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cooperative Innovation Center, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128818","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100631506","display_name":"Sirui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9519-5741"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sirui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meituan Inc.,Beijing,China","Meituan Inc., Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meituan Inc.,Beijing,China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meituan Inc., Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100776513","display_name":"Hongzhi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8025-346X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongzhi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meituan Inc.,Beijing,China","Meituan Inc., Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meituan Inc.,Beijing,China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meituan Inc., Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100722039","display_name":"Kun Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7660-2911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78988378","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kun Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information, Renmin University of China,Beijing,China","School of Information, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information, Renmin University of China,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036683934","display_name":"Wei Biao Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4310-9965"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Meituan Inc.,Beijing,China","Meituan Inc., Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meituan Inc.,Beijing,China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Meituan Inc., Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037145565","display_name":"Wayne Xin Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8333-6196"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78988378","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100255","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/016a74861","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wayne Xin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gaoling School of Artificial Intelligence, Remin University of China,Beijing,China","Gaoling School of Artificial Intelligence, Remin University of China, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gaoling School of Artificial Intelligence, Remin University of China,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gaoling School of Artificial Intelligence, Remin University of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072179387","display_name":"Bingchao Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8164-4240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingchao Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cooperative Innovation Center, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China","Cooperative Innovation Center, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cooperative Innovation Center, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cooperative Innovation Center, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128818","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036430353","display_name":"Bei Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5071-1546"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bei Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Integrative Innovation Center, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Integrative Innovation Center, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128818","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110372162","display_name":"Yongji Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7472-7489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongji Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China","State Key Laboratory of Computer Science, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Integrative Innovation Center, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Computer Science, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128818","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Integrative Innovation Center, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128818","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021771488"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2079,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.4391295,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-graph","display_name":"Knowledge graph","score":0.7466081976890564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.7321332693099976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7245017290115356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.6684004068374634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.6252727508544922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49889445304870605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.482413649559021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.45995771884918213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.44940656423568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4242139756679535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4171258807182312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4125514030456543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.09356671571731567}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987255567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33002955","display_name":"Knowledge graph","level":2,"score":0.7466081976890564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.7321332693099976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7245017290115356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.6684004068374634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.6252727508544922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49889445304870605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.482413649559021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.45995771884918213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.44940656423568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4242139756679535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4171258807182312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4125514030456543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.09356671571731567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn55064.2022.9892700","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn55064.2022.9892700","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607707","display_name":"2022 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.75,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1894439495","https://openalex.org/W1964189668","https://openalex.org/W2251079237","https://openalex.org/W2251143283","https://openalex.org/W2546950329","https://openalex.org/W2787882523","https://openalex.org/W2889583850","https://openalex.org/W2890961898","https://openalex.org/W2908230750","https://openalex.org/W2914812111","https://openalex.org/W2945844671","https://openalex.org/W2950275995","https://openalex.org/W2952826391","https://openalex.org/W2963448850","https://openalex.org/W2963625095","https://openalex.org/W2964120615","https://openalex.org/W2966747703","https://openalex.org/W2971155257","https://openalex.org/W2998098272","https://openalex.org/W2998500863","https://openalex.org/W2998702515","https://openalex.org/W3012846531","https://openalex.org/W3012851129","https://openalex.org/W3034273250","https://openalex.org/W3034862985","https://openalex.org/W3080459944","https://openalex.org/W3094317675","https://openalex.org/W3104748221","https://openalex.org/W3116847845","https://openalex.org/W3152069444","https://openalex.org/W3171723960","https://openalex.org/W3190271517"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2604454537","https://openalex.org/W2808284704","https://openalex.org/W2897702399","https://openalex.org/W4206028705","https://openalex.org/W2757431232","https://openalex.org/W4401140950","https://openalex.org/W2954554213","https://openalex.org/W2251363251","https://openalex.org/W4206547516","https://openalex.org/W4293236197"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Question":[1],"Answering":[2],"over":[3],"Knowledge":[4,13],"Graph":[5,14],"(KGQA)":[6],"task":[7,125],"seeks":[8],"entities":[9],"(answers)":[10],"from":[11,137,159],"the":[12,45,48,52,75,86,91,108,141,169],"(KG)":[15],"in":[16,104],"order":[17],"to":[18,43,50,67,84,89,153],"answer":[19,143],"natural":[20],"language":[21],"questions.":[22,58,131],"In":[23],"practice,":[24],"KG":[25,49,69,139],"is":[26,41,77],"often":[27],"incomplete,":[28],"with":[29],"numerous":[30,101],"missing":[31],"links":[32],"and":[33,73,174],"nodes.":[34],"With":[35],"such":[36],"an":[37,121,149],"incomplete":[38,138,160,173],"KG,":[39],"it":[40],"tricky":[42],"use":[44],"semantics":[46],"inside":[47],"get":[51],"golden":[53],"answers,":[54],"particularly":[55],"for":[56],"complex":[57,98,130,175],"Some":[59],"current":[60],"efforts":[61],"concentrate":[62],"on":[63,97,172],"using":[64],"external":[65],"corpora":[66,76],"overcome":[68],"sparsity;":[70],"however,":[71],"identifying":[72],"obtaining":[74],"challenging.":[78],"Other":[79],"types":[80],"of":[81,127],"work":[82],"aim":[83],"leverage":[85],"pre-trained":[87],"embeddings":[88],"resolve":[90],"issue":[92],"but":[93],"perform":[94],"slightly":[95],"worse":[96],"questions":[99],"involving":[100],"triple":[102],"facts":[103],"KG.":[105,161],"To":[106],"address":[107],"aforementioned":[109],"problems,":[110],"we":[111,147],"present":[112],"a":[113,179],"framework":[114],"CAPKGQA,":[115],"which":[116],"transforms":[117],"Complex":[118],"KGQA":[119,176],"into":[120],"n-Ary":[122],"link":[123],"Prediction":[124],"capable":[126],"explicitly":[128],"modeling":[129],"Furthermore,":[132],"previous":[133],"methods":[134],"also":[135],"suffer":[136],"throughout":[140],"candidate":[142,157],"generation":[144],"phase.":[145],"Therefore,":[146],"devise":[148],"embedding-based":[150],"retrieval":[151],"strategy":[152],"extract":[154],"more":[155],"reliable":[156],"answers":[158],"Extensive":[162],"experiments":[163],"reveal":[164],"that":[165],"our":[166],"approach":[167],"beats":[168],"state-of-the-art":[170],"models":[171],"tasks":[177],"by":[178],"significant":[180],"margin.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}