{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312354950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn55064.2022.9892567","title":"Visual Explanations of Deep Convolutional Neural Network for eye blinks detection in EEG-based BCI applications","display_name":"Visual Explanations of Deep Convolutional Neural Network for eye blinks detection in EEG-based BCI applications","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312354950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn55064.2022.9892567"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn55064.2022.9892567","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn55064.2022.9892567","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607707","display_name":"2022 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002323128","display_name":"Michele Lo Giudice","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2660-0405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59725666","display_name":"University of Reggio Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/041sz8d87","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59725666"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36443711","display_name":"Magna Graecia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0530bdk91","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36443711"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michele Lo Giudice","raw_affiliation_strings":["University &#x201C;Mediterranea&#x201D; of Reggio Calabria,DIIES Department,Italy","Department of Science Medical and Surgery, University \"Magna Graecia\" of Catanzaro, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University &#x201C;Mediterranea&#x201D; of Reggio Calabria,DIIES Department,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59725666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Science Medical and Surgery, University \"Magna Graecia\" of Catanzaro, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36443711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056605266","display_name":"Nadia Mammone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4962-3500"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59725666","display_name":"University of Reggio Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/041sz8d87","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59725666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nadia Mammone","raw_affiliation_strings":["University &#x201C;Mediterranea&#x201D; of Reggio Calabria,DICEAM Department,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University &#x201C;Mediterranea&#x201D; of Reggio Calabria,DICEAM Department,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59725666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052687333","display_name":"Cosimo Ieracitano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7890-2897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59725666","display_name":"University of Reggio Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/041sz8d87","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59725666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cosimo Ieracitano","raw_affiliation_strings":["University &#x201C;Mediterranea&#x201D; of Reggio Calabria,DICEAM Department,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University &#x201C;Mediterranea&#x201D; of Reggio Calabria,DICEAM Department,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59725666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024736577","display_name":"Maurizio Campolo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4197-3661"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59725666","display_name":"University of Reggio Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/041sz8d87","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59725666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maurizio Campolo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University &#x201C;Mediterranea&#x201D; of Reggio Calabria,DICEAM Department,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University &#x201C;Mediterranea&#x201D; of Reggio Calabria,DICEAM Department,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59725666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018831291","display_name":"Arcangelo Bruna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9147-4978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154781","display_name":"STMicroelectronics (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/053bqv655","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131827901","https://openalex.org/I4210154781"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arcangelo Ranieri Bruna","raw_affiliation_strings":["STMicroelectronics Catania,Italy","STMicroelectronics Catania, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"STMicroelectronics Catania,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"STMicroelectronics Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102882490","display_name":"Valeria Tomaselli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4234-9454"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154781","display_name":"STMicroelectronics (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/053bqv655","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131827901","https://openalex.org/I4210154781"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valeria Tomaselli","raw_affiliation_strings":["STMicroelectronics Catania,Italy","STMicroelectronics Catania, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"STMicroelectronics Catania,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"STMicroelectronics Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154781"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068143882","display_name":"Francesco Carlo Morabito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0734-9136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59725666","display_name":"University of Reggio Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/041sz8d87","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59725666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Carlo Morabito","raw_affiliation_strings":["University &#x201C;Mediterranea&#x201D; of Reggio Calabria,DICEAM Department,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University &#x201C;Mediterranea&#x201D; of Reggio Calabria,DICEAM Department,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59725666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002323128"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36443711","https://openalex.org/I59725666"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2118,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90221187,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"01","last_page":"08"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7707628011703491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.7301258444786072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.684539794921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6438744068145752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6341942548751831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.49195095896720886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.44119447469711304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-movement","display_name":"Eye movement","score":0.41153576970100403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.32606205344200134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.23891299962997437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.07590365409851074}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7707628011703491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.7301258444786072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.684539794921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6438744068145752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6341942548751831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.49195095896720886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.44119447469711304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153050134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760256","display_name":"Eye movement","level":2,"score":0.41153576970100403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.32606205344200134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.23891299962997437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.07590365409851074}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn55064.2022.9892567","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn55064.2022.9892567","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607707","display_name":"2022 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.uniroma3.it:11590/470770","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11590/470770","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196120","display_name":"Iris (Roma Tre University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I119003972","host_organization_name":"Roma Tre University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119003972"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W107881753","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W2013688928","https://openalex.org/W2034283454","https://openalex.org/W2034978228","https://openalex.org/W2095042091","https://openalex.org/W2100240292","https://openalex.org/W2128909182","https://openalex.org/W2145302786","https://openalex.org/W2516809705","https://openalex.org/W2900802277","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2953073956","https://openalex.org/W2954996726","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2962862931","https://openalex.org/W2974734894","https://openalex.org/W2979200397","https://openalex.org/W2994251327","https://openalex.org/W2996396098","https://openalex.org/W3045676091","https://openalex.org/W3090962957","https://openalex.org/W3135784346","https://openalex.org/W3185122822","https://openalex.org/W3189067227","https://openalex.org/W3206525235","https://openalex.org/W3209901185","https://openalex.org/W4200176337","https://openalex.org/W4205702875","https://openalex.org/W4206353451","https://openalex.org/W4206477528","https://openalex.org/W4206993905","https://openalex.org/W4250543537","https://openalex.org/W4286432986","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6737947904","https://openalex.org/W6754669440","https://openalex.org/W6791175619","https://openalex.org/W6802749020","https://openalex.org/W6806753221"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3155946669","https://openalex.org/W2917517086","https://openalex.org/W2969456792","https://openalex.org/W2973981959","https://openalex.org/W4310880831","https://openalex.org/W3093612317","https://openalex.org/W2946091890","https://openalex.org/W4283784798","https://openalex.org/W2900230652","https://openalex.org/W2175746458"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,42,127],"study":[2,92],"a":[3,44,219],"Deep":[4],"Learning":[5],"(DL)":[6],"based-Brain-Computer":[7],"Interface":[8],"(BCI)":[9],"system":[10,72],"able":[11],"to":[12,51,56,82,94,157,175],"automatically":[13],"detect":[14],"and":[15,65,98,143,169],"decode":[16],"voluntary":[17,168,206],"eye":[18,194],"blinks":[19,64],"from":[20,189],"the":[21,87,90,96,101,105,113,117,121,137,144,160,167,176,182,186,190,193,198,202,213,224],"analysis":[22],"of":[23,38,89,100,108,112,201],"electroen-cephalographic":[24],"(EEG)":[25],"signals":[26],"is":[27,49,116],"proposed":[28,71,102],"for":[29,166,179,205],"controlling,":[30],"in":[31,120],"principle,":[32],"an":[33,74],"external":[34],"device":[35],"by":[36,218],"means":[37],"ocular":[39],"movements.":[40],"To":[41,126],"end,":[43,128],"Convolutional":[45],"Neural":[46],"Network":[47],"(CNN)":[48],"developed":[50],"classify":[52],"EEG":[53,114,163,225],"recordings":[54],"related":[55],"natural":[57,180],"(or":[58,62],"involuntary)":[59],"blinks,":[60,181],"forced":[61],"voluntary)":[63],"baseline":[66,209],"(no":[67,210],"blinks)":[68],"category.":[69],"The":[70,208],"achieved":[73],"impressive":[75],"average":[76],"classification":[77],"performance:":[78],"accuracy":[79],"rate":[80],"up":[81],"99.4%":[83],"+/-":[84],"1.3%.":[85],"However,":[86],"core":[88],"present":[91],"was":[93,185,195,216],"investigate":[95],"explainability":[97],"interpretability":[99],"CNN":[103],"with":[104],"ultimate":[106],"aim":[107],"explore":[109],"which":[110],"segments":[111],"signal":[115],"most":[118,161],"relevant":[119,162],"voluntary/involuntary":[122],"blink":[123,171],"discrimination":[124],"process.":[125],"explainable":[129],"Artificial":[130],"Intelligence":[131],"(xAI)":[132],"techniques":[133],"were":[134,152],"applied.":[135],"Specifically,":[136],"Gradient-weighted":[138],"Class":[139],"Activation":[140],"Mapping":[141],"(Grad-CAM)":[142],"Local":[145],"Interpretable":[146],"Model":[147],"Agnostic":[148],"Explanation":[149],"(LIME)":[150],"algorithms":[151],"used.":[153],"xAI":[154],"allowed":[155],"us":[156],"visually":[158],"identify":[159],"areas":[164],"especially":[165],"involuntary":[170],"detection.":[172],"Indeed,":[173],"limited":[174],"analyzed":[177],"dataset,":[178],"discriminating":[183],"region":[184],"interval":[187],"ranged":[188],"temporal":[191],"instant":[192],"closed":[196],"till":[197],"following":[199],"instants":[200],"reopening":[203],"(vice-versa":[204],"blinks).":[207],"blink),":[211],"on":[212],"other":[214],"hand,":[215],"characterized":[217],"low":[220],"activation":[221],"threshold":[222],"throughout":[223],"segment.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-12T08:34:05.389933","created_date":"2023-01-04T00:00:00"}
