{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308608663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn55064.2022.9892555","title":"Trigger-GNN: A Trigger-Based Graph Neural Network for Nested Named Entity Recognition","display_name":"Trigger-GNN: A Trigger-Based Graph Neural Network for Nested Named Entity Recognition","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308608663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn55064.2022.9892555"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn55064.2022.9892555","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn55064.2022.9892555","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607707","display_name":"2022 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101399147","display_name":"Yuan Sui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8559-831X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28006308","display_name":"Shandong Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wy3h363","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Sui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University,Jinan,China","School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University,Jinan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046108482","display_name":"Fanyang Bu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28006308","display_name":"Shandong Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wy3h363","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fanyang Bu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University,Jinan,China","School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University,Jinan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061546832","display_name":"Yingting Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28006308","display_name":"Shandong Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wy3h363","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingting Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University,Jinan,China","School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University,Jinan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100425167","display_name":"Liang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9884-5199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong University,Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE),Qingdao,China","Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE), Shandong University, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong University,Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE),Qingdao,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE), Shandong University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101992481","display_name":"Wei Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8119-1539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28006308","display_name":"Shandong Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wy3h363","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University,Jinan,China","School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University,Jinan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"01","last_page":"08"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/named-entity-recognition","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","score":0.8615647554397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8600023984909058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entity-linking","display_name":"Entity linking","score":0.7691898345947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.6341710090637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.5527007579803467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5424128770828247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.460180401802063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.44353970885276794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.16480308771133423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-base","display_name":"Knowledge base","score":0.12822812795639038}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779135771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q403574","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","level":3,"score":0.8615647554397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8600023984909058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96711827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17012245","display_name":"Entity linking","level":3,"score":0.7691898345947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6341710090637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.5527007579803467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5424128770828247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.460180401802063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.44353970885276794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.16480308771133423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.12822812795639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn55064.2022.9892555","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn55064.2022.9892555","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607707","display_name":"2022 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G311991939","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62002207","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1940872118","https://openalex.org/W2047782770","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2098921539","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2346452181","https://openalex.org/W2734608416","https://openalex.org/W2804221886","https://openalex.org/W2808142148","https://openalex.org/W2857028992","https://openalex.org/W2928466595","https://openalex.org/W2952087486","https://openalex.org/W2962904552","https://openalex.org/W2962946486","https://openalex.org/W2963625095","https://openalex.org/W2964229180","https://openalex.org/W2970183009","https://openalex.org/W2970323499","https://openalex.org/W2971019153","https://openalex.org/W2972167903","https://openalex.org/W2974840114","https://openalex.org/W2997162759","https://openalex.org/W3034340683","https://openalex.org/W3035375600","https://openalex.org/W3035543689","https://openalex.org/W3037682062","https://openalex.org/W3158353984","https://openalex.org/W3177049011","https://openalex.org/W4294385753","https://openalex.org/W6640362995","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6694937651","https://openalex.org/W6740378882","https://openalex.org/W6752909555","https://openalex.org/W6767485127","https://openalex.org/W6767905578"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2186562580","https://openalex.org/W3198729192","https://openalex.org/W4255258373","https://openalex.org/W2593907245","https://openalex.org/W3000685722","https://openalex.org/W2520117834","https://openalex.org/W626980589","https://openalex.org/W3200093942","https://openalex.org/W4313162113","https://openalex.org/W1884363728"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nested":[0],"named":[1,16],"entity":[2,9,68,77,91],"recognition":[3],"(NER)":[4],"aims":[5],"to":[6,56,110],"identify":[7],"the":[8,15,39,42,58,63,103,108,121,125,137],"boundaries":[10],"and":[11,71,74,112,116,132],"recognize":[12],"categories":[13],"of":[14,41],"entities":[17],"in":[18,98],"a":[19,50],"complex":[20],"hierarchical":[21],"sentence.":[22],"Some":[23],"works":[24],"have":[25],"been":[26],"done":[27],"using":[28,90],"character-level,":[29],"word-level,":[30],"or":[31],"lexicon-level":[32],"based":[33],"models.":[34],"However,":[35],"such":[36],"researches":[37],"ignore":[38],"role":[40],"complementary":[43,64,99],"annotations.":[44],"In":[45],"this":[46],"paper,":[47],"we":[48],"propose":[49],"trigger-based":[51],"graph":[52,81],"neural":[53],"network":[54],"(Trigger-GNN)":[55],"leverage":[57],"nested":[59,76,138],"NER.":[60,139],"It":[61,106],"obtains":[62],"annotation":[65],"embeddings":[66],"through":[67],"trigger":[69],"encoding":[70],"semantic":[72],"matching,":[73],"tackle":[75],"utilizing":[78],"an":[79],"efficient":[80],"message":[82],"passing":[83],"architecture,":[84],"aggregation-update":[85],"mode.":[86],"We":[87],"posit":[88],"that":[89,120],"triggers":[92],"as":[93],"external":[94],"annotations":[95],"can":[96,134],"add":[97],"supervision":[100],"signals":[101],"on":[102,127],"whole":[104],"sentences.":[105],"helps":[107],"model":[109],"learn":[111],"generalize":[113],"more":[114],"efficiently":[115],"cost-effectively.":[117],"Experiments":[118],"show":[119],"Trigger-GNN":[122],"consistently":[123],"outperforms":[124],"baselines":[126],"four":[128],"public":[129],"NER":[130],"datasets,":[131],"it":[133],"effectively":[135],"alleviate":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2022-11-13T00:00:00"}