{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313125619","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn55064.2022.9892321","title":"Herb: Privacy-preserving Random Forest with Partially Homomorphic Encryption","display_name":"Herb: Privacy-preserving Random Forest with Partially Homomorphic Encryption","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313125619","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn55064.2022.9892321"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn55064.2022.9892321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn55064.2022.9892321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607707","display_name":"2022 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020908240","display_name":"Qianying Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5333-3103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qianying Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Coimbra,CISUC, DEI-FCTUC,Coimbra,Portugal","CISUC, DEI-FCTUC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Coimbra,CISUC, DEI-FCTUC,Coimbra,Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISUC, DEI-FCTUC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025772657","display_name":"Bruno Cabral","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9699-1133"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruno Cabral","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Coimbra,CISUC, DEI-FCTUC,Coimbra,Portugal","CISUC, DEI-FCTUC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Coimbra,CISUC, DEI-FCTUC,Coimbra,Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISUC, DEI-FCTUC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037619063","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo Fernandes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1952-9460"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo Fernandes","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Porto,LIACC, DEI-FEUP,Porto,Portugal","LIACC, DEI-FEUP, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Porto,LIACC, DEI-FEUP,Porto,Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LIACC, DEI-FEUP, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090202770","display_name":"Nuno Louren\u00e7o","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2154-0642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nuno Louren\u00e7o","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Coimbra,CISUC, DEI-FCTUC,Coimbra,Portugal","CISUC, DEI-FCTUC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Coimbra,CISUC, DEI-FCTUC,Coimbra,Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISUC, DEI-FCTUC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020908240"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5194,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64727429,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-encryption","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","score":0.8218675851821899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7821770310401917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paillier-cryptosystem","display_name":"Paillier cryptosystem","score":0.6920705437660217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.6403945088386536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-multi-party-computation","display_name":"Secure multi-party computation","score":0.537307858467102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4693606495857239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.459416002035141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.4501703083515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.449226051568985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.44176873564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.4146021008491516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/private-information-retrieval","display_name":"Private information retrieval","score":0.41097351908683777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptosystem","display_name":"Cryptosystem","score":0.36437439918518066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.34948351979255676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.34605103731155396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3194565773010254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.27997076511383057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.260761022567749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09990635514259338}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158338273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154943","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","level":3,"score":0.8218675851821899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7821770310401917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66989864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q594646","display_name":"Paillier cryptosystem","level":5,"score":0.6920705437660217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.6403945088386536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18396474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2465888","display_name":"Secure multi-party computation","level":3,"score":0.537307858467102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4693606495857239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.459416002035141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.4501703083515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.449226051568985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.44176873564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.4146021008491516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99221444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1532069","display_name":"Private information retrieval","level":2,"score":0.41097351908683777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6295992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q976521","display_name":"Cryptosystem","level":3,"score":0.36437439918518066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.34948351979255676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.34605103731155396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3194565773010254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.27997076511383057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.260761022567749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09990635514259338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73468433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639918","display_name":"Hybrid cryptosystem","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn55064.2022.9892321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn55064.2022.9892321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607707","display_name":"2022 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7974842525","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UID/CEC/00326/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502389339","https://openalex.org/W1542382722","https://openalex.org/W1567397627","https://openalex.org/W1797580880","https://openalex.org/W2031618446","https://openalex.org/W2036329595","https://openalex.org/W2070073022","https://openalex.org/W2090117217","https://openalex.org/W2104083981","https://openalex.org/W2125283600","https://openalex.org/W2125308395","https://openalex.org/W2136185850","https://openalex.org/W2137596716","https://openalex.org/W2150620897","https://openalex.org/W2460441129","https://openalex.org/W2501266110","https://openalex.org/W2517850251","https://openalex.org/W2591882872","https://openalex.org/W2679684481","https://openalex.org/W2701059868","https://openalex.org/W2793216106","https://openalex.org/W2799040448","https://openalex.org/W2801491268","https://openalex.org/W2951059495","https://openalex.org/W3046208783","https://openalex.org/W3049595782","https://openalex.org/W3101860164","https://openalex.org/W3164712068","https://openalex.org/W4244143958","https://openalex.org/W6718865826","https://openalex.org/W6724371188","https://openalex.org/W6749824362","https://openalex.org/W6762538362","https://openalex.org/W6781508659","https://openalex.org/W7053126446"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2029355506","https://openalex.org/W2612301729","https://openalex.org/W2406452102","https://openalex.org/W592911888","https://openalex.org/W2606937201","https://openalex.org/W2950024669","https://openalex.org/W4313125619","https://openalex.org/W2206998438","https://openalex.org/W2950925835","https://openalex.org/W4375858618"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Building":[0],"a":[1,111,154],"Machine":[2],"Learning":[3],"model":[4,46,152],"requires":[5],"the":[6,42,87,94,116,130,137,151,164],"use":[7],"of":[8,11,86,96,166],"large":[9],"amounts":[10],"data.":[12],"Due":[13],"to":[14,73],"privacy":[15,179],"and":[16,27,39,70,90,105,119,149,169,187],"regulatory":[17],"concerns,":[18],"these":[19],"data":[20,48,167],"might":[21],"be":[22],"owned":[23],"by":[24],"multiple":[25,54],"sites":[26],"are":[28,50,71],"often":[29],"not":[30,141],"mutually":[31],"shareable.":[32],"Our":[33,133],"work":[34],"deals":[35],"with":[36,177],"private":[37],"learning":[38,112],"inference":[40,126],"for":[41,92,174],"Weighted":[43],"Random":[44],"Forest":[45],"when":[47],"records":[49],"vertically":[51],"distributed":[52],"among":[53],"sites.":[55],"Previous":[56],"privacy-preserving":[57],"vertical":[58],"tree-based":[59],"frameworks":[60],"either":[61],"adapt":[62],"Secure":[63],"Multi-party":[64],"Computation":[65],"or":[66,75],"share":[67],"intermediate":[68,103],"results":[69,158],"hard":[72],"generalize":[74],"scale.":[76],"In":[77],"contrast,":[78],"our":[79],"proposal":[80],"contains":[81],"efficient":[82],"collaborative":[83],"calculation":[84],"algorithms":[85],"Gini":[88],"Index":[89],"Entropy":[91],"computing":[93],"impurity":[95],"decision":[97],"tree":[98],"nodes":[99],"while":[100,146],"protecting":[101],"all":[102],"values":[104],"disclosing":[106],"minimal":[107],"information.":[108],"We":[109],"offer":[110],"protocol":[113,127],"based":[114],"on":[115,129],"Paillier":[117],"Cryptosystem":[118],"Digital":[120],"Envelope.":[121],"Also,":[122],"we":[123],"provide":[124],"an":[125],"found":[128],"Look-up":[131],"Table.":[132],"experiments":[134],"show":[135],"that":[136,160],"proposed":[138],"protocols":[139],"do":[140],"cause":[142],"predictive":[143],"performance":[144],"loss":[145],"still":[147],"establishing":[148],"utilizing":[150],"within":[153],"reasonable":[155],"time.":[156],"The":[157],"imply":[159],"practitioners":[161],"can":[162],"overcome":[163],"barrier":[165],"sharing":[168],"produce":[170],"random":[171],"forest":[172],"models":[173],"data-heavy":[175],"domains":[176],"strict":[178],"requirements,":[180],"such":[181],"as":[182],"Health":[183],"Prediction,":[184],"Fraud":[185],"Detection,":[186],"Risk":[188],"Evaluation.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}