{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226471298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn55064.2022.9892269","title":"Adversarial Robustness of Neural-Statistical Features in Detection of Generative Transformers","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness of Neural-Statistical Features in Detection of Generative Transformers","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226471298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn55064.2022.9892269"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn55064.2022.9892269","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn55064.2022.9892269","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607707","display_name":"2022 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075270748","display_name":"Evan Crothers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-0525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Evan Crothers","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Ottawa,Ottawa,Canada","University of Ottawa Ottawa, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ottawa,Ottawa,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ottawa Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018458084","display_name":"Nathalie Japkowicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1176-1617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181401687","display_name":"American University","ror":"https://ror.org/052w4zt36","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181401687"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathalie Japkowicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University,Washington, DC,USA","American University Washington DC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University,Washington, DC,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181401687"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University Washington DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181401687"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069410082","display_name":"Herna L. Viktor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1914-5077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Herna Viktor","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Ottawa,Ottawa,Canada","University of Ottawa Ottawa, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ottawa,Ottawa,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ottawa Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043554078","display_name":"Paula Branco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9917-3694"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paula Branco","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Ottawa,Ottawa,Canada","University of Ottawa Ottawa, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ottawa,Ottawa,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ottawa Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075270748"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.195,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89563789,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9603999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7693912386894226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.7479913234710693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6676157116889954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6610248684883118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.5859734416007996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.558590829372406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judgement","display_name":"Judgement","score":0.526118814945221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4691901206970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-model","display_name":"Statistical model","score":0.41759756207466125}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7693912386894226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.7479913234710693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6676157116889954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6610248684883118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.5859734416007996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.558590829372406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776548248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12621536","display_name":"Judgement","level":2,"score":0.526118814945221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4691901206970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.41759756207466125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn55064.2022.9892269","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn55064.2022.9892269","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607707","display_name":"2022 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1945616565","https://openalex.org/W2053782355","https://openalex.org/W2099312541","https://openalex.org/W2603766943","https://openalex.org/W2744095836","https://openalex.org/W2773726006","https://openalex.org/W2785674851","https://openalex.org/W2799194071","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2951080837","https://openalex.org/W2962718684","https://openalex.org/W2962818281","https://openalex.org/W2965595599","https://openalex.org/W2969958763","https://openalex.org/W2970641574","https://openalex.org/W2972619028","https://openalex.org/W2973049837","https://openalex.org/W2978017171","https://openalex.org/W2979826702","https://openalex.org/W3008374555","https://openalex.org/W3013520104","https://openalex.org/W3037109418","https://openalex.org/W3046357466","https://openalex.org/W3047587361","https://openalex.org/W3083540668","https://openalex.org/W3100405174","https://openalex.org/W3101891351","https://openalex.org/W3103491646","https://openalex.org/W3105604018","https://openalex.org/W3139815689","https://openalex.org/W4205434648","https://openalex.org/W4206800046","https://openalex.org/W4287332927","https://openalex.org/W4287866848","https://openalex.org/W4292779060","https://openalex.org/W4299567010","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6640425456","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6763240421","https://openalex.org/W6766613003","https://openalex.org/W6767101625","https://openalex.org/W6767407777","https://openalex.org/W6768028577","https://openalex.org/W6768851824","https://openalex.org/W6773815586","https://openalex.org/W6774852373","https://openalex.org/W6777334835","https://openalex.org/W6782729452","https://openalex.org/W6803540272"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2502115930","https://openalex.org/W2886802431","https://openalex.org/W4388216822","https://openalex.org/W1761762290","https://openalex.org/W4387575966","https://openalex.org/W2384262901","https://openalex.org/W2975214487","https://openalex.org/W4246396837","https://openalex.org/W2482350142","https://openalex.org/W3176240006"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"detection":[1,43,63,125,139],"of":[2,8,20,31,44,59,62,101,140,164,173],"computer-generated":[3,82,141],"text":[4,87,102,142,175],"is":[5],"an":[6],"area":[7],"rapidly":[9],"increasing":[10],"significance":[11],"as":[12,166],"nascent":[13],"generative":[14,149],"models":[15],"allow":[16],"for":[17,28,138,170],"efficient":[18],"creation":[19],"compelling":[21],"human-like":[22],"text,":[23,83],"which":[24],"may":[25],"be":[26,121],"abused":[27],"the":[29,60,91,128,162],"purposes":[30],"spam,":[32],"disinformation,":[33],"phishing,":[34],"or":[35],"online":[36],"influence":[37],"campaigns.":[38],"Past":[39],"work":[40],"has":[41,55],"studied":[42],"current":[45],"state-of-the-art":[46],"models,":[47,150],"but":[48],"despite":[49],"a":[50,167],"developing":[51],"threat":[52],"landscape,":[53],"there":[54],"been":[56],"minimal":[57],"analysis":[58],"robustness":[61,85,118],"methods":[64],"to":[65,80,156],"adversarial":[66,88,95,117,174],"attacks.":[67],"To":[68],"this":[69],"end,":[70],"we":[71,130,160],"evaluate":[72],"neural":[73,111],"and":[74,90,151],"non-neural":[75],"approaches":[76],"on":[77,98],"their":[78,84],"ability":[79],"detect":[81],"against":[86,147],"attacks,":[89],"impact":[92],"that":[93,106,119,132],"successful":[94],"attacks":[96],"have":[97],"human":[99,171],"judgement":[100,172],"quality.":[103,176],"We":[104],"find":[105,131],"while":[107],"statistical":[108,113,154],"features":[109,114,137,155],"underperform":[110],"features,":[112],"provide":[115],"additional":[116],"can":[120],"leveraged":[122],"in":[123],"ensemble":[124],"models.":[126],"In":[127],"process,":[129],"previously":[133],"effective":[134],"complex":[135],"phrasal":[136],"hold":[143],"little":[144],"predictive":[145],"power":[146],"contemporary":[148],"identify":[152],"promising":[153],"use":[157],"instead.":[158],"Finally,":[159],"pioneer":[161],"usage":[163],"$\\Delta$MAUVE":[165],"proxy":[168],"measure":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2022-05-05T00:00:00"}
