{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385484513","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn54540.2023.10191994","title":"How Does Knowledge Injection Help in Informed Machine Learning?","display_name":"How Does Knowledge Injection Help in Informed Machine Learning?","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385484513","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn54540.2023.10191994"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn54540.2023.10191994","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn54540.2023.10191994","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063338076","display_name":"Laura von Rueden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7186-9753"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144576","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Intelligent Analysis and Information Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/04nc32781","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144576","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Laura von Rueden","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bonn,Sankt Augustin,Germany","University of Bonn, Sankt Augustin, Germany","Fraunhofer IAIS, Sankt Augustin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bonn,Sankt Augustin,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bonn, Sankt Augustin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer IAIS, Sankt Augustin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144576"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068763843","display_name":"Jochen Garcke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8334-3695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098248","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing","ror":"https://ror.org/00trw9c49","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098248","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jochen Garcke","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bonn,Sankt Augustin,Germany","Fraunhofer SCAI, Sankt Augustin, Germany","University of Bonn, Sankt Augustin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bonn,Sankt Augustin,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer SCAI, Sankt Augustin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098248"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bonn, Sankt Augustin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003875445","display_name":"Christian Bauckhage","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6615-2128"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144576","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Intelligent Analysis and Information Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/04nc32781","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144576","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Bauckhage","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bonn,Sankt Augustin,Germany","Fraunhofer IAIS, Sankt Augustin, Germany","University of Bonn, Sankt Augustin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bonn,Sankt Augustin,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer IAIS, Sankt Augustin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144576"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bonn, Sankt Augustin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063338076"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700","https://openalex.org/I4210144576"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3497,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64479041,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12814","display_name":"Gaussian Processes and Bayesian Inference","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7763615846633911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.7407180070877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6641656160354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6621533036231995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.5033571124076843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.44373011589050293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.4351714253425598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4204636514186859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08094266057014465}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7763615846633911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.7407180070877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6641656160354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6621533036231995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.5033571124076843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.44373011589050293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.4351714253425598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4204636514186859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08094266057014465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn54540.2023.10191994","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn54540.2023.10191994","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/458582","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/458582","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1561572740","https://openalex.org/W2155195660","https://openalex.org/W2734256217","https://openalex.org/W2766291668","https://openalex.org/W2786235792","https://openalex.org/W2799517192","https://openalex.org/W2884692446","https://openalex.org/W2925893094","https://openalex.org/W2963019788","https://openalex.org/W2991266623","https://openalex.org/W3005742798","https://openalex.org/W3006087551","https://openalex.org/W3019560754","https://openalex.org/W3099298437","https://openalex.org/W3102139197","https://openalex.org/W3104020727","https://openalex.org/W3135893734","https://openalex.org/W3137750826","https://openalex.org/W3159649695","https://openalex.org/W3163399830","https://openalex.org/W3163993681","https://openalex.org/W3164909318","https://openalex.org/W3189586864","https://openalex.org/W3193251934","https://openalex.org/W3196850540","https://openalex.org/W3200351420","https://openalex.org/W4281483293","https://openalex.org/W4283834020","https://openalex.org/W4287626607","https://openalex.org/W4288287305","https://openalex.org/W4295211009","https://openalex.org/W4320024127","https://openalex.org/W6682891771","https://openalex.org/W6750814910","https://openalex.org/W6801349486"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3162204513","https://openalex.org/W2371138613","https://openalex.org/W2048963458","https://openalex.org/W43109613","https://openalex.org/W2359952343","https://openalex.org/W2239445980","https://openalex.org/W2080152487","https://openalex.org/W3083152911","https://openalex.org/W3022347918","https://openalex.org/W2075445622"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Informed":[0],"machine":[1,74,182],"learning":[2,10],"describes":[3],"the":[4,25,34,67,91,143,174],"injection":[5,38,178],"of":[6,36,69,86,93],"prior":[7,70,124],"knowledge":[8,37,71,94,102,125,146,177],"into":[9],"systems.":[11],"It":[12],"can":[13],"help":[14],"to":[15,45,49,53,133,169,173],"improve":[16],"generalization,":[17],"especially":[18],"when":[19],"training":[20],"data":[21,114,134,148],"is":[22,27],"scarce.":[23],"However,":[24],"field":[26],"so":[28],"application-driven":[29],"that":[30,109,122,142],"general":[31,171],"analyses":[32],"about":[33],"effect":[35],"are":[39,79],"rare.":[40],"This":[41,140],"makes":[42],"it":[43,132],"difficult":[44],"transfer":[46],"existing":[47],"approaches":[48],"new":[50],"applications,":[51],"or":[52],"estimate":[54],"potential":[55,150],"improvements.":[56,152],"Therefore,":[57],"in":[58,72,126,165,180],"this":[59,167],"paper,":[60],"we":[61,82,117,154],"present":[62,118],"a":[63,84,107,119,127,137,156],"framework":[64,121],"for":[65,89],"quantifying":[66,90],"value":[68],"informed":[73,181],"learning.":[75,183],"Our":[76],"main":[77],"contributions":[78],"threefold.":[80],"Firstly,":[81],"propose":[83],"set":[85],"relevant":[87],"metrics":[88],"benefits":[92],"injection,":[95],"comprising":[96],"in-distribution":[97],"accuracy,":[98],"out-of-distribution":[99],"robustness,":[100],"and":[101,113,130,136,147],"conformity.":[103],"We":[104],"also":[105],"introduce":[106],"metric":[108],"combines":[110],"performance":[111],"improvement":[112],"reduction.":[115],"Secondly,":[116],"theoretical":[120],"represents":[123],"function":[128],"space":[129],"relates":[131],"representations":[135],"trained":[138],"model.":[139],"suggests":[141],"distances":[144],"between":[145],"influence":[149],"model":[151],"Thirdly,":[153],"perform":[155],"systematic":[157],"experimental":[158],"study":[159],"with":[160],"controllable":[161],"toy":[162],"problems.":[163],"All":[164],"all,":[166],"helps":[168,179],"find":[170],"answers":[172],"question":[175],"how":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}