{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385482793","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn54540.2023.10191275","title":"A RoBERTa-GlobalPointer-Based Method for Named Entity Recognition of Legal Documents","display_name":"A RoBERTa-GlobalPointer-Based Method for Named Entity Recognition of Legal Documents","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385482793","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn54540.2023.10191275"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn54540.2023.10191275","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn54540.2023.10191275","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100708912","display_name":"Xinrui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1211-821X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29739308","display_name":"Guangxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02frt9q65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xinrui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Guangxi Normal University,Guangxi Key Lab of Multi-Source Information Mining & Security,Guilin,China,541004"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Guangxi Normal University,Guangxi Key Lab of Multi-Source Information Mining & Security,Guilin,China,541004","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030600444","display_name":"Xudong Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6940-9531"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29739308","display_name":"Guangxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02frt9q65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xudong Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Guangxi Normal University,Guangxi Key Lab of Multi-Source Information Mining & Security,Guilin,China,541004"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Guangxi Normal University,Guangxi Key Lab of Multi-Source Information Mining & Security,Guilin,China,541004","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101858570","display_name":"Jiaye Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4167-1615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29739308","display_name":"Guangxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02frt9q65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaye Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Guangxi Normal University,Guangxi Key Lab of Multi-Source Information Mining & Security,Guilin,China,541004"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Guangxi Normal University,Guangxi Key Lab of Multi-Source Information Mining & Security,Guilin,China,541004","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100708912"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0948,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89575287,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9674000144004822,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/softmax-function","display_name":"Softmax function","score":0.7988955974578857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/named-entity-recognition","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","score":0.7722087502479553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7486934065818787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-document","display_name":"Legal document","score":0.6338213682174683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subsequence","display_name":"Subsequence","score":0.6031009554862976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.572594404220581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5327790975570679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5098758935928345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-case","display_name":"Legal case","score":0.5075160264968872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.472993940114975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4683712422847748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.13731256127357483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1079568862915039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.10577142238616943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.0744064450263977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07387736439704895}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188441871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554146","display_name":"Softmax function","level":3,"score":0.7988955974578857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779135771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q403574","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","level":3,"score":0.7722087502479553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7486934065818787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993995455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3150005","display_name":"Legal document","level":2,"score":0.6338213682174683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137877099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332977","display_name":"Subsequence","level":3,"score":0.6031009554862976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.572594404220581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5327790975570679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5098758935928345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778049185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2334719","display_name":"Legal case","level":2,"score":0.5075160264968872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.472993940114975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4683712422847748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.13731256127357483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1079568862915039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.10577142238616943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0744064450263977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07387736439704895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn54540.2023.10191275","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn54540.2023.10191275","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W2004763266","https://openalex.org/W2147880316","https://openalex.org/W2250710764","https://openalex.org/W2892252202","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2952594430","https://openalex.org/W2963568202","https://openalex.org/W2965373594","https://openalex.org/W2971019153","https://openalex.org/W2985295082","https://openalex.org/W2998456908","https://openalex.org/W3021636956","https://openalex.org/W3034662187","https://openalex.org/W3035375600","https://openalex.org/W3036779180","https://openalex.org/W3083959770","https://openalex.org/W3102725307","https://openalex.org/W3177382889","https://openalex.org/W3201535928","https://openalex.org/W3212290569","https://openalex.org/W4206376421","https://openalex.org/W4294170691","https://openalex.org/W4295312788","https://openalex.org/W4300166660","https://openalex.org/W4300587859","https://openalex.org/W6636510571","https://openalex.org/W6682082992","https://openalex.org/W6682691769","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6766673545","https://openalex.org/W6766978945","https://openalex.org/W6779167211","https://openalex.org/W6843814252","https://openalex.org/W6844794680"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385571278","https://openalex.org/W3217649904","https://openalex.org/W3128725805","https://openalex.org/W4385760465","https://openalex.org/W3187391786","https://openalex.org/W4387251649","https://openalex.org/W4309532058","https://openalex.org/W4385366071","https://openalex.org/W3184563164","https://openalex.org/W4308313401"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"legal":[1,13,18,28,38,49,71],"practice,":[2],"judicial":[3,166],"professionals":[4],"often":[5],"need":[6],"to":[7,17,64,78,87,100,109,119,136,154],"extract":[8,65,79],"useful":[9],"information":[10,19,92],"from":[11],"numerous":[12],"documents.":[14,29,50],"The":[15],"key":[16],"extraction":[20],"is":[21,122,146],"the":[22,59,75,90,96,101,106,111,117,132,144,164,171,175],"Named":[23],"Entity":[24],"Recognition":[25],"(NER)":[26],"of":[27,37,48,58,69,93,113,116,125,143,149],"To":[30],"address":[31],"three":[32],"critical":[33],"issues":[34],"in":[35,95],"NER":[36,47],"documents,":[39],"this":[40],"paper":[41],"proposes":[42],"a":[43,70,126,141,150],"RoBERTa-GlobalPointer-based":[44],"method":[45,77,108,173],"for":[46],"Specifically,":[51],"we":[52,104,130],"first":[53],"use":[54,74,105],"RoBERTa":[55],"(a":[56],"variant":[57],"pre-trained":[60],"language":[61],"model":[62],"BERT)":[63],"char-level":[66],"feature":[67,82],"representations":[68],"document,":[72,118],"and":[73,84],"Skip-Gram":[76],"its":[80,155],"word-level":[81],"representations,":[83],"fuse":[85],"them":[86],"better":[88],"capture":[89],"contextual":[91],"entities":[94],"document.":[97],"Then,":[98],"according":[99,153],"concatenated":[102],"result,":[103],"GlobalPointer":[107],"calculate":[110],"score":[112,156],"each":[114],"subsequence":[115,142],"which":[120],"it":[121],"an":[123,147],"entity":[124,148],"certain":[127,151],"type.":[128],"Finally,":[129],"employ":[131],"balanced":[133],"softmax":[134],"function":[135],"determine":[137],"whether":[138],"or":[139],"not":[140],"document":[145],"type":[152],"calculated":[157],"by":[158],"GlobalPointer.":[159],"Our":[160],"evaluation":[161],"experiments":[162],"on":[163],"Chinese":[165],"domain":[167],"dataset":[168],"show":[169],"that":[170],"proposed":[172],"outperforms":[174],"state-of-the-art":[176],"baseline":[177],"methods.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}