{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3201641319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9534419","title":"Salience-CAM: Visual Explanations from Convolutional Neural Networks via Salience Score","display_name":"Salience-CAM: Visual Explanations from Convolutional Neural Networks via Salience Score","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3201641319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9534419","mag":"3201641319"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9534419","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9534419","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024821518","display_name":"Linjiang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3886-1300"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Linjiang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023893507","display_name":"Chao Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7443-6267"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064888917","display_name":"Xiaochuan Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2044-0965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaochuan Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056862578","display_name":"Dian Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0979-2185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100318161","display_name":"Wei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3135-0447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108047844","display_name":"Libing Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9897-1953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Libing Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024821518"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0877,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82012685,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.9827414155006409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salience","display_name":"Salience (neuroscience)","score":0.84312504529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.8201673030853271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7501264810562134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7350170612335205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7217016220092773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.627483606338501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.42585986852645874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.9827414155006409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108154423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469792","display_name":"Salience (neuroscience)","level":2,"score":0.84312504529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.8201673030853271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7501264810562134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7350170612335205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7217016220092773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.627483606338501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42585986852645874}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9534419","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9534419","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1579694346","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1787224781","https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W1899185266","https://openalex.org/W2029438113","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2123045220","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2190656909","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2295972917","https://openalex.org/W2395611524","https://openalex.org/W2516809705","https://openalex.org/W2551393996","https://openalex.org/W2742517588","https://openalex.org/W2765793020","https://openalex.org/W2796096336","https://openalex.org/W2891612330","https://openalex.org/W2950772592","https://openalex.org/W2953073956","https://openalex.org/W2962851944","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2963382180","https://openalex.org/W2963996492","https://openalex.org/W2965696320","https://openalex.org/W2981731882","https://openalex.org/W2982316422","https://openalex.org/W2988244882","https://openalex.org/W3000600884","https://openalex.org/W3011806746","https://openalex.org/W3013325382","https://openalex.org/W3016968320","https://openalex.org/W3017451302","https://openalex.org/W3034163353","https://openalex.org/W3035253074","https://openalex.org/W3037256687","https://openalex.org/W3084487255","https://openalex.org/W4293861706","https://openalex.org/W4294577070","https://openalex.org/W4300235091","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6639204139","https://openalex.org/W6639927594","https://openalex.org/W6675026286","https://openalex.org/W6677995690","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6685133223","https://openalex.org/W6687239747","https://openalex.org/W6697128597","https://openalex.org/W6739575509","https://openalex.org/W6752170072","https://openalex.org/W6754669440","https://openalex.org/W6755395053","https://openalex.org/W6766931891"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2905433371","https://openalex.org/W4390569940","https://openalex.org/W2888392564","https://openalex.org/W4361193272","https://openalex.org/W4310278675","https://openalex.org/W4388422664","https://openalex.org/W2806259446","https://openalex.org/W1986582023","https://openalex.org/W2966829450","https://openalex.org/W4315864862"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"Convolutional":[3],"Neural":[4],"Networks":[5],"(CNN":[6],"s)":[7],"have":[8],"been":[9],"widely":[10,69],"applied":[11,70],"in":[12,30,98,145],"various":[13],"applications":[14],"due":[15],"to":[16,41,71,112],"its":[17,22,27],"powerful":[18],"learning":[19],"capability.":[20],"However,":[21,79],"lack":[23],"of":[24,46,127],"explainability":[25],"hinders":[26],"further":[28],"usage":[29],"tasks":[31],"requiring":[32],"high":[33],"reliability.":[34],"Therefore,":[35],"interpretability":[36,52,105],"technique":[37,53],"is":[38,68],"the":[39,42,61,80,89,115,125,148,157],"key":[40],"application":[43],"and":[44,65,94,120],"deployment":[45],"CNN":[47,73],"models.":[48],"As":[49],"a":[50,103],"typical":[51],"for":[54,75],"CNN,":[55],"Class":[56],"Activation":[57],"Map":[58],"(CAM)":[59],"utilizing":[60],"gradient":[62],"based":[63],"weights":[64],"activation":[66,81,95,121],"map":[67,82],"traditional":[72],"models":[74],"offering":[76],"visual":[77],"interpretability.":[78],"adopted":[83],"by":[84,159],"CAM":[85],"cannot":[86],"loyally":[87],"quantify":[88],"relevance":[90,116],"between":[91,117],"input":[92,118],"samples":[93,119],"values.":[96,122],"Hence,":[97],"this":[99,146],"paper,":[100,147],"we":[101],"propose":[102],"new":[104],"approach":[106],"called":[107],"Salience-CAM":[108,155],"employing":[109],"salience":[110],"scores":[111],"accurately":[113],"measure":[114],"To":[123],"evaluate":[124],"effectiveness":[126],"Salience-CAM,":[128],"comprehensive":[129],"experiments":[130],"are":[131],"conducted":[132],"on":[133],"6":[134],"selected":[135],"time":[136],"series":[137],"datasets.":[138],"By":[139],"leveraging":[140],"an":[141],"evaluation":[142],"algorithm":[143],"proposed":[144,154],"experimental":[149],"results":[150],"show":[151],"that":[152],"our":[153],"outperforms":[156],"baseline":[158],"discovering":[160],"more":[161],"discriminative":[162],"features.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-14T23:14:49.485078","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}