{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3201549834","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9534290","title":"Sub-Cluster AdaCos: Learning Representations for Anomalous Sound Detection","display_name":"Sub-Cluster AdaCos: Learning Representations for Anomalous Sound Detection","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3201549834","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9534290","mag":"3201549834"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9534290","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9534290","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040065298","display_name":"Kevin Wilkinghoff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4200-9129"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166245","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Communication, Information Processing and Ergonomics","ror":"https://ror.org/05nn0gw40","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166245","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Wilkinghoff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Communication, Information Processing and Ergonomics, FKIE,Wachtberg,Germany,53343"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Communication, Information Processing and Ergonomics, FKIE,Wachtberg,Germany,53343","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166245"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040065298"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166245"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3942,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9335206,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6377200484275818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","score":0.6010114550590515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sound","display_name":"Sound (geography)","score":0.5744717121124268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.412703275680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38128188252449036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.259529173374176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14195358753204346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.0884867012500763}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6377200484275818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.6010114550590515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203718221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q491713","display_name":"Sound (geography)","level":2,"score":0.5744717121124268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.412703275680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38128188252449036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.259529173374176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14195358753204346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0884867012500763}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9534290","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9534290","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:bonndoc.ulb.uni-bonn.de:20.500.11811/12050","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/12050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402493","display_name":"bonndoc (University of Bonn)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","host_organization_name":"University of Bonn","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"doc-type:doctoralThesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:null:publica/417201","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/417201","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W577640895","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2106053110","https://openalex.org/W2121812409","https://openalex.org/W2164552042","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2292996718","https://openalex.org/W2402144811","https://openalex.org/W2520774990","https://openalex.org/W2765407302","https://openalex.org/W2784163702","https://openalex.org/W2895776009","https://openalex.org/W2902738348","https://openalex.org/W2939574508","https://openalex.org/W2953384591","https://openalex.org/W2963399829","https://openalex.org/W2963622428","https://openalex.org/W2963814162","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2969985801","https://openalex.org/W2982294822","https://openalex.org/W2997122788","https://openalex.org/W3034883497","https://openalex.org/W3041383267","https://openalex.org/W3092451850","https://openalex.org/W3103152812","https://openalex.org/W3109225549","https://openalex.org/W3115276109","https://openalex.org/W4256141317","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6675751002","https://openalex.org/W6687483927","https://openalex.org/W6713134421","https://openalex.org/W6745136726","https://openalex.org/W6761629969","https://openalex.org/W6779961064","https://openalex.org/W6781464548","https://openalex.org/W6784066080","https://openalex.org/W6786672980","https://openalex.org/W6787372471","https://openalex.org/W6991596039"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2909726438"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"training":[1],"a":[2,26,54,115,156,158],"model":[3],"for":[4,86,109,124,139,145,162],"anomalous":[5,23,126,163],"sound":[6,164],"detection,":[7],"one":[8],"usually":[9],"needs":[10],"to":[11,52,77,81,106],"estimate":[12,56],"the":[13,17,58,66,69,91,135],"underlying":[14],"distribution":[15,33],"of":[16,31,57,68,90,142],"normal":[18,35],"data.":[19,92],"By":[20],"doing":[21],"so,":[22],"data":[24,36,45,70,127],"has":[25],"lower":[27],"probability":[28],"in":[29],"view":[30],"this":[32,79,110,113,176],"than":[34],"and":[37],"thus":[38],"can":[39,71],"easily":[40],"be":[41,72],"detected.":[42],"However,":[43],"audio":[44],"is":[46,80,128,166],"very":[47],"high-dimensional":[48],"making":[49],"it":[50],"difficult":[51],"have":[53,62,103],"good":[55],"true":[59],"distribution.":[60],"To":[61],"more":[63],"accurate":[64],"estimates,":[65],"dimension":[67],"reduced":[73],"first.":[74],"One":[75],"way":[76],"do":[78],"train":[82],"discriminative":[83],"neural":[84,94],"networks":[85,95],"extracting":[87],"lower-dimensional":[88],"representations":[89],"Particularly,":[93],"trained":[96],"with":[97],"angular":[98],"margin":[99],"losses":[100],"as":[101],"AdaCos":[102,117,121],"been":[104],"shown":[105],"perform":[107],"well":[108],"task.":[111],"In":[112,130],"work,":[114],"modified":[116],"loss":[118],"called":[119],"sub-cluster":[120],"specifically":[122],"designed":[123],"detecting":[125],"presented.":[129],"multiple":[131],"experiments":[132],"conducted":[133],"on":[134,175],"DCASE":[136],"2020":[137],"dataset":[138],"\u201cUnsupervised":[140],"Detection":[141],"Anomalous":[143],"Sounds":[144],"Machine":[146],"Condition":[147],"Monitoring\u201d,":[148],"these":[149],"design":[150],"choices":[151],"are":[152],"empirically":[153],"justified.":[154],"As":[155],"result,":[157],"conceptually":[159],"simple":[160],"system":[161],"detection":[165],"presented":[167],"that":[168],"significantly":[169],"outperforms":[170],"all":[171],"other":[172],"published":[173],"systems":[174],"dataset.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}