{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3179994474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9534185","title":"Identifying Possible Rumor Spreaders on Twitter: A Weak Supervised Learning Approach","display_name":"Identifying Possible Rumor Spreaders on Twitter: A Weak Supervised Learning Approach","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3179994474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9534185","mag":"3179994474"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9534185","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9534185","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.07647","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087170533","display_name":"Shakshi Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8091-0781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56085075","display_name":"University of Tartu","ror":"https://ror.org/03z77qz90","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shakshi Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Estonia","University of Tartu, Institute of Computer Science, Estonia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tartu, Institute of Computer Science, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011512226","display_name":"Rajesh Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3581-1332"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56085075","display_name":"University of Tartu","ror":"https://ror.org/03z77qz90","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajesh Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Estonia","University of Tartu"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tartu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087170533"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1379,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84187385,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rumor","display_name":"Rumor","score":0.8972517251968384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misinformation","display_name":"Misinformation","score":0.8257867097854614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7890300750732422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5896898508071899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.5308713912963867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5282249450683594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5197572112083435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5152440667152405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.21362653374671936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1630566120147705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780469804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q878352","display_name":"Rumor","level":2,"score":0.8972517251968384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776990098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13579947","display_name":"Misinformation","level":2,"score":0.8257867097854614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7890300750732422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5896898508071899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.5308713912963867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5282249450683594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5197572112083435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5152440667152405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.21362653374671936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1630566120147705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9534185","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9534185","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2010.07647","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2010.07647","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.07647","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3179994474","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.07647.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2010.07647","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2010.07647","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2010.07647","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2010.07647","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.07647","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5899999737739563}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338463","display_name":"CHIST-ERA","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3179994474.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3179994474.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9223698","https://openalex.org/W1815362064","https://openalex.org/W1967977332","https://openalex.org/W1987670220","https://openalex.org/W2007790744","https://openalex.org/W2012559698","https://openalex.org/W2032897813","https://openalex.org/W2071611852","https://openalex.org/W2088027524","https://openalex.org/W2101196063","https://openalex.org/W2118422001","https://openalex.org/W2168508162","https://openalex.org/W2519887557","https://openalex.org/W2610676001","https://openalex.org/W2734725703","https://openalex.org/W2740560510","https://openalex.org/W2770407860","https://openalex.org/W2803502351","https://openalex.org/W2809476703","https://openalex.org/W2907178780","https://openalex.org/W2907492528","https://openalex.org/W2912484932","https://openalex.org/W2919638288","https://openalex.org/W2950577311","https://openalex.org/W2954864721","https://openalex.org/W2962482976","https://openalex.org/W2963333648","https://openalex.org/W2963858333","https://openalex.org/W2970683844","https://openalex.org/W2977772799","https://openalex.org/W2994071599","https://openalex.org/W2997128522","https://openalex.org/W3000020748","https://openalex.org/W3000155280","https://openalex.org/W3004409790","https://openalex.org/W3100340842","https://openalex.org/W3125491592","https://openalex.org/W4210257598","https://openalex.org/W6636510571","https://openalex.org/W6638343385","https://openalex.org/W6684716366","https://openalex.org/W6726873649","https://openalex.org/W6751322027"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3203681326","https://openalex.org/W3093312020","https://openalex.org/W3194055126","https://openalex.org/W2159981908","https://openalex.org/W2807836478","https://openalex.org/W2770407860","https://openalex.org/W2799930815","https://openalex.org/W2737423493","https://openalex.org/W3023401018","https://openalex.org/W2726839497","https://openalex.org/W2286590041","https://openalex.org/W3209782794","https://openalex.org/W3133940287","https://openalex.org/W3191958882","https://openalex.org/W2290469689","https://openalex.org/W3198262872","https://openalex.org/W3000020748","https://openalex.org/W3007718353","https://openalex.org/W3073481850","https://openalex.org/W2998945286"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Online":[0],"Social":[1],"Media":[2],"(OSM)":[3],"platforms":[4,17,59],"such":[5,58],"as":[6],"Twitter,":[7],"Facebook":[8],"are":[9,81,100,109],"extensively":[10],"exploited":[11],"by":[12,96],"the":[13,20,36,55,64,90,93,102,114,118,155,185,214,225,244,255],"users":[14,98,107],"of":[15,77,92,120,122,166,203,246],"these":[16],"for":[18,236,241,249],"spreading":[19,113],"(mis)information":[21],"to":[22,45,51,63,88,117,153,183,233],"a":[23,28,148,201],"large":[24],"audience":[25],"effortlessly":[26],"at":[27],"rapid":[29],"pace.":[30],"It":[31],"has":[32],"been":[33],"observed":[34],"that":[35,105,168],"misinformation":[37,56,78],"can":[38],"cause":[39],"panic,":[40],"fear,":[41],"and":[42,53,141,145,172,219,238],"financial":[43],"loss":[44],"society.":[46],"Thus,":[47],"it":[48,61],"is":[49,74,95,128],"important":[50],"detect":[52],"control":[54,89],"in":[57,112,189],"before":[60,175],"spreads":[62],"masses.":[65],"In":[66,181],"this":[67,190],"work,":[68],"we":[69,132,195,230],"focus":[70],"on":[71,224],"rumors,":[72],"which":[73,138],"one":[75],"type":[76,202],"(other":[79],"types":[80,165],"fake":[82],"news,":[83],"hoaxes,":[84],"etc).":[85],"One":[86],"way":[87],"spread":[91],"rumors":[94],"identifying":[97,250],"who":[99,108],"possibly":[101],"rumor":[103,123,140,159,226,252],"spreaders,":[104],"is,":[106,169],"often":[110],"involved":[111],"rumors.":[115],"Due":[116],"lack":[119],"availability":[121],"spreaders":[124,160,227,253],"labeled":[125],"dataset":[126,157,191],"(which":[127],"an":[129],"expensive":[130],"task),":[131],"use":[133],"publicly":[134],"available":[135],"PHEME":[136,156],"dataset,":[137,228],"contains":[139],"non-rumor":[142],"tweets":[143],"information,":[144],"then":[146],"apply":[147],"weak":[149],"supervised":[150,178],"learning":[151,179],"approach":[152],"transform":[154],"into":[158],"dataset.":[161],"We":[162,209],"utilize":[163],"three":[164],"features,":[167,174],"user,":[170],"text,":[171],"ego-network":[173],"applying":[176],"various":[177],"approaches.":[180],"particular,":[182],"exploit":[184],"inherent":[186],"network":[187],"property":[188],"(user-user":[192],"reply":[193],"graph),":[194],"explore":[196],"Graph":[197,204],"Convolutional":[198],"Network":[199,206],"(GCN),":[200],"Neural":[205],"(GNN)":[207],"technique.":[208,257],"compare":[210],"GCN":[211,256],"results":[212],"with":[213],"other":[215],"approaches:":[216],"SVM,":[217],"RF,":[218],"LSTM.":[220],"Extensive":[221],"experiments":[222],"performed":[223],"where":[229],"achieve":[231],"up":[232],"0.864":[234],"value":[235,240],"F1-Score":[237],"0.720":[239],"AUC-ROC,":[242],"shows":[243],"effectiveness":[245],"our":[247],"methodology":[248],"possible":[251],"using":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}