{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3133493400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9534049","title":"Recursive Training for Zero-Shot Semantic Segmentation","display_name":"Recursive Training for Zero-Shot Semantic Segmentation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3133493400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9534049","mag":"3133493400"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9534049","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9534049","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.00086","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100600892","display_name":"Ce Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2916-8478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","display_name":"Australian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/019wvm592","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ce Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["CECS, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia","Australian National University,CECS,Canberra,Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CECS, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian National University,CECS,Canberra,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067223903","display_name":"Moshiur Farazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1494-5921"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","display_name":"Australian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/019wvm592","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moshiur Farazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["CECS, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia","Data61 - CSIRO, Canberra, Australia","Data61 CSIRO, Canberra, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CECS, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data61 - CSIRO, Canberra, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I1292875679"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data61 CSIRO, Canberra, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I1292875679"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072837153","display_name":"Nick Barnes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9343-9535"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","display_name":"Australian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/019wvm592","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nick Barnes","raw_affiliation_strings":["CECS, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia","AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CECS, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100600892"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02959005,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.7453848123550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7359095215797424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7107951641082764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pascal","display_name":"Pascal (unit)","score":0.678086519241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.676933228969574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6094866991043091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5560170412063599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5095603466033936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retraining","display_name":"Retraining","score":0.4415399134159088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.35628634691238403}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.7453848123550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7359095215797424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7107951641082764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75608658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44395","display_name":"Pascal (unit)","level":2,"score":0.678086519241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.676933228969574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6094866991043091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5560170412063599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5095603466033936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778712577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505966","display_name":"Retraining","level":2,"score":0.4415399134159088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.35628634691238403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9534049","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9534049","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2103.00086","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2103.00086","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.00086","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2103.00086","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2103.00086","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"mag:3133493400","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2103.00086","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2103.00086","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.00086","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.75}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W114517082","https://openalex.org/W1487641199","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W2037227137","https://openalex.org/W2048679005","https://openalex.org/W2099471712","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2125215748","https://openalex.org/W2128532956","https://openalex.org/W2144794286","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2171061940","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2596142952","https://openalex.org/W2605805765","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2772366472","https://openalex.org/W2783837693","https://openalex.org/W2889209272","https://openalex.org/W2893918048","https://openalex.org/W2900868354","https://openalex.org/W2924485953","https://openalex.org/W2962830213","https://openalex.org/W2963078159","https://openalex.org/W2963097641","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2963486920","https://openalex.org/W2963784503","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2963921921","https://openalex.org/W2963936013","https://openalex.org/W2963960318","https://openalex.org/W2964086552","https://openalex.org/W2971113548","https://openalex.org/W2994827984","https://openalex.org/W3002728158","https://openalex.org/W3034930876","https://openalex.org/W3035003500","https://openalex.org/W6629354409","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6682691769","https://openalex.org/W6742888842","https://openalex.org/W6748481559","https://openalex.org/W6749074606","https://openalex.org/W6754568377","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6763578275","https://openalex.org/W6779101013"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3201291769","https://openalex.org/W2754560798","https://openalex.org/W2962136799","https://openalex.org/W2994827984","https://openalex.org/W1961881037","https://openalex.org/W2952218918","https://openalex.org/W3034856084","https://openalex.org/W2963599420","https://openalex.org/W2921676720","https://openalex.org/W2902651581","https://openalex.org/W2289084343","https://openalex.org/W2739450375","https://openalex.org/W3213165621","https://openalex.org/W3207624121","https://openalex.org/W3141904994","https://openalex.org/W3002894133","https://openalex.org/W2738832561","https://openalex.org/W2939164960","https://openalex.org/W3102353939","https://openalex.org/W3166286626"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"General":[0],"purpose":[1,67],"semantic":[2,37,68,101,132],"segmentation":[3,38,69,102,133],"relies":[4],"on":[5,178,218],"a":[6,21,33,40,45,65,100,105,122,131,136,140,148,166,194],"backbone":[7],"CNN":[8],"network":[9],"to":[10,49,54,71,110,115,126,173],"extract":[11],"discriminative":[12,112,196],"features":[13,113],"that":[14,43,155,187,204],"help":[15],"classify":[16],"each":[17],"image":[18,51,73],"pixel":[19,96,162],"into":[20],"\u2018seen\u2019":[22],"object":[23,27,56],"class":[24,57],"(i.e.,":[25],"the":[26,79,94,116,128,161,174,179,191,219],"classes":[28,77],"available":[29],"during":[30,185],"training)":[31],"or":[32],"background":[34,80],"class.":[35],"Zero-shot":[36],"is":[39],"challenging":[41],"task":[42],"requires":[44],"computer":[46],"vision":[47],"model":[48,70,103,134,192,214],"identify":[50],"pixels":[52,74],"belonging":[53],"an":[55,82],"which":[58],"it":[59,171],"has":[60],"never":[61],"seen":[62],"before.":[63],"Equipping":[64],"general":[66],"separate":[72],"of":[75,99,118,130,160],"\u2018unseen\u2019":[76,200],"from":[78],"remains":[81],"open":[83],"challenge.":[84],"Some":[85],"recent":[86],"models":[87],"have":[88],"approached":[89],"this":[90,144],"problem":[91],"by":[92],"fine-tuning":[93],"final":[95],"classification":[97,163],"layer":[98,164],"for":[104,135,199],"Zero-Shot":[106,149],"setting,":[107],"but":[108],"struggle":[109],"learn":[111,193],"due":[114],"lack":[117],"supervision.":[119],"We":[120,202],"propose":[121,147],"recursive":[123,207],"training":[124,208],"scheme":[125],"supervise":[127],"retraining":[129,186],"zero-shot":[137],"setting":[138],"using":[139,205],"pseudo-feature":[141,167],"representation.":[142],"To":[143],"end,":[145,181],"we":[146,182],"Maximum":[150],"Mean":[151],"Discrepancy":[152],"(ZS-MMD)":[153],"loss":[154],"weighs":[156],"high":[157],"confidence":[158],"outputs":[159],"as":[165],"representation,":[168],"and":[169,209,223],"feeds":[170],"back":[172],"generator.":[175],"By":[176],"closing-the-loop":[177],"generator":[180],"provide":[183],"supervision":[184],"in":[188],"turn":[189],"helps":[190],"more":[195],"feature":[197],"representation":[198],"classes.":[201],"show":[203],"our":[206,212],"ZS-MMD":[210],"loss,":[211],"proposed":[213],"achieves":[215],"state-of-the-art":[216],"performance":[217],"Pascal-VOC":[220],"2012":[221],"dataset":[222],"Pascal-Context":[224],"dataset.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
