{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3200781567","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9533942","title":"TA-GAN: GAN based Traffic Augmentation for Imbalanced Network Traffic Classification","display_name":"TA-GAN: GAN based Traffic Augmentation for Imbalanced Network Traffic Classification","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3200781567","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9533942","mag":"3200781567"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9533942","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9533942","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101652862","display_name":"Yu Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5489-8288"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115601598","display_name":"Gang Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3190-6521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100332597","display_name":"Zhen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4033-8650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020263150","display_name":"Junzheng Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4653-1686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junzheng Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075026076","display_name":"Mingxin Cui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingxin Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052269317","display_name":"Gaopeng Gou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3533-4874"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaopeng Gou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101652862"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3999,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85126036,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overfitting","display_name":"Overfitting","score":0.7392545938491821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6849355101585388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-classification","display_name":"Traffic classification","score":0.6270450353622437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oversampling","display_name":"Oversampling","score":0.6173364520072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5693354606628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-sign-recognition","display_name":"Traffic sign recognition","score":0.5536615252494812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5036112666130066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighting","display_name":"Weighting","score":0.4912659525871277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4898187816143036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.36263784766197205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.33850836753845215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.2382388710975647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.20118212699890137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.19751441478729248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1508207619190216}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22019652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331309","display_name":"Overfitting","level":3,"score":0.7392545938491821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6849355101585388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169988225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832484","display_name":"Traffic classification","level":3,"score":0.6270450353622437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197323446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331222","display_name":"Oversampling","level":3,"score":0.6173364520072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5693354606628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6528762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1574298","display_name":"Traffic sign recognition","level":4,"score":0.5536615252494812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5036112666130066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.4912659525871277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4898187816143036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.36263784766197205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.33850836753845215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2382388710975647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.20118212699890137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.19751441478729248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1508207619190216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983860417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170285","display_name":"Traffic sign","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9533942","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9533942","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8434278267","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFB1006100,2020YFE0200500,2018YFB1800200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333334","display_name":"Guangdong Province Introduction of Innovative R&D Team","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W142793689","https://openalex.org/W2037717889","https://openalex.org/W2126996952","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2168508521","https://openalex.org/W2343828539","https://openalex.org/W2567456068","https://openalex.org/W2609225916","https://openalex.org/W2743678626","https://openalex.org/W2744198018","https://openalex.org/W2772303842","https://openalex.org/W2798869704","https://openalex.org/W2897256107","https://openalex.org/W2899365137","https://openalex.org/W2907487329","https://openalex.org/W2914264342","https://openalex.org/W2919493784","https://openalex.org/W2944986584","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2969841870","https://openalex.org/W2970548565","https://openalex.org/W3045858585"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4362597605","https://openalex.org/W1574414179","https://openalex.org/W2766503024","https://openalex.org/W4297676672","https://openalex.org/W3009056573","https://openalex.org/W2922073769","https://openalex.org/W4281702477","https://openalex.org/W4389965896","https://openalex.org/W4387747402","https://openalex.org/W3119578451"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,18,28,33,47,53,65,69,72,85,96,121,124,129,132,137,143,146,152,155,159,177,186,196,205],"mainstream":[2],"in":[3,50],"network":[4],"traffic":[5,74,87,112,126,189],"classification":[6,88],"(NTC),":[7],"machine":[8],"learning":[9],"(ML)":[10],"based":[11,38,106],"methods":[12,26,40,82,164],"suffer":[13],"performance":[14],"degradation":[15],"due":[16],"to":[17,45,57,78,140,169,195],"imbalance":[19,48,170,190],"distribution":[20],"of":[21,71,123,131,145,154,188],"Internet":[22],"traffic.":[23],"Data":[24],"augmentation":[25],"including":[27],"traditional":[29],"oversampling":[30],"techniques":[31],"and":[32,59,149,203],"Generative":[34],"Adversarial":[35],"Network":[36],"(GAN)":[37],"generation":[39,122,148],"are":[41],"most":[42],"commonly":[43],"used":[44],"counter":[46],"problem":[49,89],"NTC.":[51],"However,":[52],"former":[54],"is":[55,76,115],"prone":[56],"overfitting":[58],"introducing":[60],"noise.":[61],"The":[62],"latter":[63],"overcomes":[64],"above":[66],"weaknesses,":[67],"but":[68],"quality":[70,153],"generated":[73],"samples":[75,127],"difficult":[77],"judge.":[79],"Besides,":[80],"these":[81],"all":[83],"divide":[84],"imbalanced":[86,111],"into":[90],"two":[91],"subproblems,":[92],"which":[93],"cannot":[94],"guarantee":[95],"global":[97],"optimality.":[98],"In":[99],"this":[100],"paper,":[101],"we":[102],"propose":[103],"a":[104],"GAN":[105],"Traffic":[107],"Augmentation":[108],"(TA-GAN)":[109],"for":[110],"classification.":[113],"TA-GAN":[114,183],"an":[116],"end-to-end":[117],"framework":[118],"that":[119,182],"integrates":[120],"minority":[125,197],"with":[128,172],"training":[130],"target":[133],"classifier.":[134],"We":[135],"design":[136],"feedback":[138],"mechanism":[139],"better":[141],"guide":[142],"direction":[144],"sample":[147],"simultaneously":[150],"indicate":[151],"synthesized":[156],"samples.":[157],"Moreover,":[158],"existing":[160],"deep":[161],"learning-based":[162],"NTC":[163],"can":[165],"be":[166],"easily":[167],"adapted":[168],"scenarios":[171],"TA-GAN.":[173],"Comprehensive":[174],"experiments":[175],"on":[176],"public":[178],"ISCXVPN2016":[179],"dataset":[180],"demonstrate":[181],"effectively":[184],"mitigates":[185],"influence":[187],"(a":[191],"maximum":[192],"14.64%":[193],"improvement":[194],"class'":[198],"<tex":[199],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[200],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$F_{1}$</tex>":[201],"score)":[202],"outperforms":[204],"state-of-the-art":[206],"methods.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}