{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3199263538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9533907","title":"Information-theoretic Source Code Vulnerability Highlighting","display_name":"Information-theoretic Source Code Vulnerability Highlighting","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3199263538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9533907","mag":"3199263538"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9533907","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9533907","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100769134","display_name":"Van Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5838-3409"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Van Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102780660","display_name":"Trung Le","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0414-9067"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trung Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026180696","display_name":"Olivier De Vel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5179-3707"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1303474014","display_name":"Defence Science and Technology Group","ror":"https://ror.org/05ddrvt52","country_code":"AU","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303474014","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I3139952251"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olivier De Vel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Defence Science and Technology Group, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Defence Science and Technology Group, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1303474014"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024595046","display_name":"Paul Montague","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9461-7471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1303474014","display_name":"Defence Science and Technology Group","ror":"https://ror.org/05ddrvt52","country_code":"AU","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303474014","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I3139952251"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Montague","raw_affiliation_strings":["Defence Science and Technology Group, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Defence Science and Technology Group, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1303474014"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082913979","display_name":"John Grundy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4928-7076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Grundy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036447132","display_name":"Dinh Phung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9977-8247"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dinh Phung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100769134"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8558,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94055054,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8004838228225708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-coding","display_name":"Secure coding","score":0.7403720021247864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.6746019124984741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5868650674819946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability-management","display_name":"Vulnerability management","score":0.5269936919212341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.5115998387336731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-security-assurance","display_name":"Software security assurance","score":0.501349687576294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-metric","display_name":"Software metric","score":0.4475126266479492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4328461289405823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-bug","display_name":"Software bug","score":0.42190906405448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.41449353098869324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4086221754550934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.38211962580680847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3787424564361572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.36886894702911377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability-assessment","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","score":0.3573629558086395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.31794124841690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.31681227684020996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-security","display_name":"Information security","score":0.1808519959449768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.0742374062538147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8004838228225708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22680326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444867","display_name":"Secure coding","level":5,"score":0.7403720021247864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6746019124984741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5868650674819946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172776598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7943570","display_name":"Vulnerability management","level":4,"score":0.5269936919212341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.5115998387336731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62913178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554361","display_name":"Software security assurance","level":4,"score":0.501349687576294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82214349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657339","display_name":"Software metric","level":5,"score":0.4475126266479492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4328461289405823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1009929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179550","display_name":"Software bug","level":3,"score":0.42190906405448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.41449353098869324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4086221754550934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.38211962580680847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3787424564361572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36886894702911377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167063184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400839","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","level":3,"score":0.3573629558086395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.31794124841690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.31681227684020996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527648132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189900","display_name":"Information security","level":2,"score":0.1808519959449768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0742374062538147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137176749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4105337","display_name":"Psychological resilience","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29983905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445066","display_name":"Security service","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9533907","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9533907","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W133470593","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1607167266","https://openalex.org/W2043837581","https://openalex.org/W2043914943","https://openalex.org/W2046830558","https://openalex.org/W2166336492","https://openalex.org/W2297419069","https://openalex.org/W2547875792","https://openalex.org/W2548228487","https://openalex.org/W2559935471","https://openalex.org/W2605409611","https://openalex.org/W2634106992","https://openalex.org/W2743517242","https://openalex.org/W2781491433","https://openalex.org/W2796200341","https://openalex.org/W2952165242","https://openalex.org/W2953384591","https://openalex.org/W2962862931","https://openalex.org/W2963365341","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W3101228802","https://openalex.org/W3161938055","https://openalex.org/W6605468800","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6713134421","https://openalex.org/W6729448088","https://openalex.org/W6730091202","https://openalex.org/W6736518430","https://openalex.org/W6737947904","https://openalex.org/W6742725575","https://openalex.org/W6748336101","https://openalex.org/W6795436412"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2383958993","https://openalex.org/W3043810321","https://openalex.org/W2560421591","https://openalex.org/W2892115998","https://openalex.org/W2537414278","https://openalex.org/W2796094063","https://openalex.org/W2123075981","https://openalex.org/W1978034799","https://openalex.org/W2062583373","https://openalex.org/W4384518368"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Software":[0],"vulnerabilities":[1,24,62,107,136,180],"are":[2,145],"a":[3,64,83,88,94,102,109,117,138,149,182],"crucial":[4],"and":[5,12,133,161],"serious":[6],"concern":[7],"in":[8,25,82,158],"the":[9,122,154,193],"software":[10,41,61,95,106,135,150,170],"industry":[11],"computer":[13],"security.":[14],"A":[15],"variety":[16],"of":[17,76,79,124],"methods":[18,29,56],"have":[19,39],"been":[20],"proposed":[21,176],"to":[22,93,100,104,131,148,172,192],"detect":[23,60,105,132,179],"real-world":[26,169],"software.":[27],"Recent":[28],"based":[30,49,120],"on":[31,50,121,168],"deep":[32],"learning":[33,47],"approaches":[34,48],"for":[35],"automatic":[36],"feature":[37,52],"extraction":[38],"improved":[40],"vulnerability":[42,151,194],"identification":[43],"compared":[44],"with":[45],"machine":[46],"hand-crafted":[51],"extraction.":[53],"However,":[54],"these":[55],"can":[57,128,178],"usually":[58],"only":[59,87],"at":[63,108,137,181],"function":[65],"or":[66,85],"program":[67,84],"level,":[68],"which":[69],"is":[70],"much":[71],"less":[72],"informative":[73],"because,":[74],"out":[75],"hundreds":[77],"(thousands)":[78],"code":[80],"statements":[81,91,143,188],"function,":[86],"few":[89],"core":[90,155],"contribute":[92,191],"vulnerability.":[96],"This":[97],"requires":[98],"us":[99,130],"find":[101],"way":[103],"fine-grained":[110,139,183],"level.":[111],"In":[112],"this":[113],"paper,":[114],"we":[115],"propose":[116],"novel":[118],"method":[119,177],"concept":[123],"mutual":[125],"information":[126],"that":[127,144,152,174,189],"help":[129],"isolate":[134],"level":[140,184],"(i.e.,":[141],"several":[142,187],"highly":[146],"relevant":[147],"include":[153],"vulnerable":[156],"statements)":[157],"both":[159],"unsupervised":[160],"semi-supervised":[162],"contexts.":[163],"We":[164],"conduct":[165],"comprehensive":[166],"experiments":[167],"projects":[171],"demonstrate":[173],"our":[175],"by":[185],"identifying":[186],"mostly":[190],"detection":[195],"decision.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}