{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3201373192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9533631","title":"On the Evaluation of Semi-Supervised 2D Segmentation for Volumetric 3D Computed Tomography Baggage Security Screening","display_name":"On the Evaluation of Semi-Supervised 2D Segmentation for Volumetric 3D Computed Tomography Baggage Security Screening","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3201373192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9533631","mag":"3201373192"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9533631","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9533631","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1139032","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100391080","display_name":"Qian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5906-1890"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Durham University,Department of Computer Science,Durham,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Durham University,Department of Computer Science,Durham,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045115593","display_name":"Toby P. Breckon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1666-7590"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toby P. Breckon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Durham University,Department of {Computer Science | Engineering},Durham,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Durham University,Department of {Computer Science | Engineering},Durham,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.8794872760772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7854352593421936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7777813673019409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.665402889251709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computed-tomography","display_name":"Computed tomography","score":0.5690550804138184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5536770820617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5138542652130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.5137056112289429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volume","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","score":0.49476736783981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4726100265979767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.43987658619880676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-space-segmentation","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","score":0.4266234338283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.08458647131919861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.06042885780334473}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.8794872760772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7854352593421936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7777813673019409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.665402889251709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544519230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32566","display_name":"Computed tomography","level":2,"score":0.5690550804138184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5536770820617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5138542652130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5137056112289429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20556612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4469374","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.49476736783981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4726100265979767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.43987658619880676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65885262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7429708","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","level":4,"score":0.4266234338283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.08458647131919861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.06042885780334473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9533631","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9533631","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dro.dur.ac.uk.OAI2:34451","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dro.dur.ac.uk/34451/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) Proceedings. : IEEE","raw_type":"Book chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:durham-repository.worktribe.com:1139032","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1139032","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Presentation / Conference Contribution"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:durham-repository.worktribe.com:1139032","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1139032","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Presentation / Conference Contribution"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1772394807","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1959018722","https://openalex.org/W1963701492","https://openalex.org/W1966816272","https://openalex.org/W1996724277","https://openalex.org/W2015767644","https://openalex.org/W2017478758","https://openalex.org/W2057253725","https://openalex.org/W2076285411","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2127672784","https://openalex.org/W2149961050","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2293296805","https://openalex.org/W2395611524","https://openalex.org/W2402138864","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2464708700","https://openalex.org/W2560609797","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2621042378","https://openalex.org/W2792998389","https://openalex.org/W2799738340","https://openalex.org/W2800715108","https://openalex.org/W2897239998","https://openalex.org/W2957027301","https://openalex.org/W2963121255","https://openalex.org/W2975131999","https://openalex.org/W2988286872","https://openalex.org/W2996787432","https://openalex.org/W2996842531","https://openalex.org/W3019016317","https://openalex.org/W3020772651","https://openalex.org/W3031923721","https://openalex.org/W3035739565","https://openalex.org/W3047289845","https://openalex.org/W3115458465","https://openalex.org/W3131393923","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6639102338","https://openalex.org/W6738486038","https://openalex.org/W6739778489","https://openalex.org/W6763422710","https://openalex.org/W6768456378","https://openalex.org/W6781348917","https://openalex.org/W6787640622","https://openalex.org/W6990021824"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2969228573","https://openalex.org/W2963690996","https://openalex.org/W2185902295","https://openalex.org/W2103507220","https://openalex.org/W3144569342","https://openalex.org/W2945274617","https://openalex.org/W4313052709","https://openalex.org/W2022929107","https://openalex.org/W2055202857","https://openalex.org/W80586315"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"address":[1],"the":[2,21,41,85,107,127,140,191],"automatic":[3],"contraband":[4,29],"material":[5,30,70],"detection":[6,24,27,31,71],"problem":[7,38],"within":[8,72],"volumetric":[9,73],"3D":[10,60,66,74,94,108,184],"Computed":[11],"Tomography":[12],"(CT)":[13],"data":[14],"for":[15,65,125,152,183],"baggage":[16,76],"security":[17,77],"screening.":[18],"Distinct":[19],"from":[20,103,129],"prohibited":[22],"item":[23],"using":[25,145],"object":[26],"techniques,":[28],"is":[32,118,142,158],"usually":[33],"formulated":[34],"as":[35],"a":[36,113,130,146,155,179],"segmentation":[37,67,90,96,115,123],"due":[39],"to":[40,121],"variations":[42],"of":[43,87,106,149,190,194],"their":[44],"potential":[45],"appearances":[46],"and":[47,111],"shapes.":[48],"Previous":[49],"studies":[50],"have":[51],"employed":[52],"either":[53],"morphological":[54],"operation":[55],"based":[56],"traditional":[57],"methods":[58],"or":[59],"Convolutional":[61],"Neural":[62],"Networks":[63],"(CNN)":[64],"towards":[68],"target":[69],"CT":[75,95,109,133,172,185],"screening":[78],"imagery.":[79],"In":[80],"this":[81,93],"work,":[82],"we":[83,99,136,177],"investigate":[84],"effectiveness":[86],"2D":[88,101,114],"semantic":[89],"techniques":[91],"in":[92],"problem.":[97],"Specifically,":[98],"extract":[100],"slices":[102,128,151,169],"three":[104],"planes":[105],"volumes":[110],"train":[112],"model":[116],"which":[117],"subsequently":[119],"used":[120],"predict":[122],"results":[124],"all":[126],"given":[131],"test":[132],"volume.":[134],"Moreover,":[135],"also":[137],"evaluate":[138],"how":[139],"performance":[141,161,202],"affected":[143],"when":[144],"reduced":[147],"number":[148,193],"annotated":[150,168,195],"training.":[153,175],"As":[154],"result,":[156],"it":[157],"demonstrated":[159],"reasonable":[160],"can":[162,199],"be":[163],"achieved":[164],"with":[165,203],"very":[166],"limited":[167],"(1\u20132)":[170],"per":[171],"volume":[173],"during":[174],"Finally,":[176],"propose":[178],"semi-supervised":[180],"learning":[181],"framework":[182,198],"segmentation.":[186],"Using":[187],"only":[188],"1/128":[189],"total":[192],"slices,":[196],"our":[197],"achieve":[200],"comparable":[201],"full":[204],"supervision.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}