{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3201585618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9533493","title":"Hierarchical Recurrent Neural Networks for Conditional Melody Generation with Long-term Structure","display_name":"Hierarchical Recurrent Neural Networks for Conditional Melody Generation with Long-term Structure","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3201585618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9533493","mag":"3201585618"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9533493","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9533493","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Guo Zixun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guo Zixun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems, Technology, and Design Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems, Technology, and Design Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045850355","display_name":"Dimos Makris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4556-4227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimos Makris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems, Technology, and Design Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems, Technology, and Design Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069548004","display_name":"Dorien Herremans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8607-1640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dorien Herremans","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems, Technology, and Design Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems, Technology, and Design Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1458,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86445225,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11349","display_name":"Music Technology and Sound Studies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11349","display_name":"Music Technology and Sound Studies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10788","display_name":"Neuroscience and Music Perception","score":0.9805999994277954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/melody","display_name":"Melody","score":0.9609019756317139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7655365467071533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.550114095211029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.539614200592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-model","display_name":"Generative model","score":0.5079477429389954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.49644237756729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chord","display_name":"Chord (peer-to-peer)","score":0.49522820115089417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48594462871551514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.4567902684211731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.42414015531539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.3907366693019867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/musical","display_name":"Musical","score":0.27479609847068787}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43803900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170412","display_name":"Melody","level":3,"score":0.9609019756317139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7655365467071533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.550114095211029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.539614200592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.5079477429389954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.49644237756729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194147245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076368","display_name":"Chord (peer-to-peer)","level":2,"score":0.49522820115089417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48594462871551514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.4567902684211731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.42414015531539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.3907366693019867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558565934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743","display_name":"Musical","level":2,"score":0.27479609847068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9533493","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9533493","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6646730550","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOE2018-T2-2-161,SRG ISTD 2017 129","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01kcva023"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W134527144","https://openalex.org/W1485787479","https://openalex.org/W1500657326","https://openalex.org/W1512123845","https://openalex.org/W1982673570","https://openalex.org/W2036317923","https://openalex.org/W2099257174","https://openalex.org/W2111066885","https://openalex.org/W2123555133","https://openalex.org/W2138660131","https://openalex.org/W2139735657","https://openalex.org/W2288593361","https://openalex.org/W2519091744","https://openalex.org/W2536271585","https://openalex.org/W2574445984","https://openalex.org/W2579406683","https://openalex.org/W2584032004","https://openalex.org/W2744457411","https://openalex.org/W2746068898","https://openalex.org/W2758804652","https://openalex.org/W2788156829","https://openalex.org/W2792210438","https://openalex.org/W2902052009","https://openalex.org/W2903214502","https://openalex.org/W2963032576","https://openalex.org/W2963408210","https://openalex.org/W2963557407","https://openalex.org/W2963735467","https://openalex.org/W2982753834","https://openalex.org/W2992790584","https://openalex.org/W3101639677","https://openalex.org/W3110624927","https://openalex.org/W3122518304","https://openalex.org/W3199278946","https://openalex.org/W4301959051","https://openalex.org/W4387864998","https://openalex.org/W6605505536","https://openalex.org/W6628831585","https://openalex.org/W6629889975","https://openalex.org/W6630534141","https://openalex.org/W6674758992","https://openalex.org/W6680587008","https://openalex.org/W6719050207","https://openalex.org/W6725939724","https://openalex.org/W6729047651","https://openalex.org/W6732429163","https://openalex.org/W6743002019","https://openalex.org/W6748247769","https://openalex.org/W6749351710","https://openalex.org/W6755406732","https://openalex.org/W6756207296","https://openalex.org/W6786450891","https://openalex.org/W6794456295","https://openalex.org/W6929360442"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2753058862","https://openalex.org/W2547055343","https://openalex.org/W2163240950","https://openalex.org/W2804082714","https://openalex.org/W2039049596","https://openalex.org/W2086473573","https://openalex.org/W1566263950","https://openalex.org/W4365211920","https://openalex.org/W3014948380","https://openalex.org/W4380551139"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,164],"rise":[1],"of":[2,19,26,151,201],"deep":[3],"learning":[4],"technologies":[5],"has":[6],"quickly":[7],"advanced":[8],"many":[9],"fields,":[10],"including":[11],"generative":[12],"music":[13],"systems.":[14],"There":[15],"exists":[16],"a":[17,47,54,77,140,181],"number":[18],"systems":[20],"that":[21,167,195],"allow":[22],"for":[23],"the":[24,90,95,100,108,116,121,128,145,152,157,160],"generation":[25,50],"musically":[27],"sounding":[28],"short":[29],"snippets,":[30],"yet,":[31],"these":[32],"generated":[33,126,169],"snippets":[34],"often":[35],"lack":[36],"an":[37],"overarching,":[38],"longer-term":[39],"structure.":[40],"In":[41],"this":[42,104],"work,":[43],"we":[44],"propose":[45,76],"CM-HRNN:":[46],"conditional":[48],"melody":[49],"model":[51,60,115,130],"based":[52,69],"on":[53,70],"hierarchical":[55],"recurrent":[56],"neural":[57],"network.":[58],"This":[59],"allows":[61],"us":[62],"to":[63,83,99,113,143],"generate":[64],"melodies":[65,168],"with":[66,97,159],"long-term":[67,149,202],"structures":[68,123],"given":[71],"chord":[72],"accompaniments.":[73],"We":[74,154],"also":[75,155],"novel":[78],"and":[79,148,180,204],"concise":[80],"event-based":[81],"representation":[82],"encode":[84],"musical":[85,101,146],"lead":[86],"sheets":[87],"while":[88],"retaining":[89],"melodies'":[91],"relative":[92],"position":[93],"within":[94],"bar":[96],"respect":[98],"meter.":[102],"With":[103],"new":[105],"data":[106],"representation,":[107],"proposed":[109,129],"architecture":[110],"is":[111],"able":[112],"simultaneously":[114],"rhythmic,":[117],"as":[118,120,137,139],"well":[119,138],"pitch":[122],"effectively.":[124],"Melodies":[125],"by":[127,170],"were":[131],"extensively":[132],"evaluated":[133],"in":[134,199],"quantitative":[135],"experiments":[136],"user":[141],"study":[142],"ensure":[144],"quality":[147],"structure":[150,203],"output.":[153],"compared":[156],"system":[158],"state-of-the-art":[161],"AttentionRNN":[162,198],"[1].":[163],"comparison":[165],"shows":[166],"CM-HRNN":[171,196],"contain":[172],"more":[173,186],"repeated":[174],"patterns":[175],"(i.e.,":[176,185],"higher":[177],"compression":[178],"ratio)":[179],"lower":[182],"tonal":[183],"tension":[184],"tonally":[187],"concise).":[188],"Results":[189],"from":[190],"our":[191],"listening":[192],"test":[193],"indicate":[194],"outperforms":[197],"terms":[200],"overall":[205],"rating.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
