{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3154627126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9533403","title":"Robust quantum classifier with minimal overhead","display_name":"Robust quantum classifier with minimal overhead","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3154627126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9533403","mag":"3154627126"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9533403","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9533403","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.08148","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Daniel K. Park","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel K. Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sungkyunkwan University Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Suwon, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sungkyunkwan University Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Suwon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Carsten Blank","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carsten Blank","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Cybernetics, Landsberg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Cybernetics, Landsberg, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Francesco Petruccione","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106521","display_name":"National Institute for Theoretical Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/01jgv6w72","country_code":"ZA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106521"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Petruccione","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute for Theoretical Physics (NITheP), KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa","School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute for Theoretical Physics (NITheP), KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106521"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5598,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72372314,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13182","display_name":"Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.5476999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.5425999760627747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-algorithm","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","score":0.4878999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-circuit","display_name":"Quantum circuit","score":0.4722999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-error-correction","display_name":"Quantum error correction","score":0.4253999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.42170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.3677000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-phase-estimation-algorithm","display_name":"Quantum phase estimation algorithm","score":0.36550000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-gate","display_name":"Quantum gate","score":0.36340001225471497}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5738000273704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5641999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.5476999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.5425999760627747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137019171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623817","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","level":3,"score":0.4878999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124148022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122210","display_name":"Quantum circuit","level":5,"score":0.4722999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51003876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1536431","display_name":"Quantum error correction","level":4,"score":0.4253999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.42170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.3677000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192122513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2835770","display_name":"Quantum phase estimation algorithm","level":5,"score":0.36550000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58849907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2118982","display_name":"Quantum gate","level":4,"score":0.36340001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.3564999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.3562000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.35109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119322782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2662236","display_name":"VC dimension","level":2,"score":0.3328999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3310999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.326200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59500034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464944","display_name":"Quantum Fourier transform","level":5,"score":0.3190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3160000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.3066999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203087015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378201","display_name":"Qubit","level":3,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62641251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269097","display_name":"Quantum sort","level":5,"score":0.275299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.2750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122280245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620622","display_name":"Kernel method","level":3,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.25459998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2542000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.2535000145435333}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9533403","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9533403","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2104.08148","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2104.08148","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.08148","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2104.08148","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2104.08148","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.08148","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4529100724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019R1I1A1A01050161","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6215999612","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2021M3H3A1038085","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322349","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322349","display_name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01p262204"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323670","display_name":"Department of Science and Technology, Government of Kerala","ror":"https://ror.org/030fy4q75"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333169","display_name":"National Science Foundation, United Arab Emirates","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492999010","https://openalex.org/W1966702987","https://openalex.org/W1984021697","https://openalex.org/W2040792108","https://openalex.org/W2051446825","https://openalex.org/W2103956991","https://openalex.org/W2137147061","https://openalex.org/W2559394418","https://openalex.org/W2736592352","https://openalex.org/W2751668559","https://openalex.org/W2781738013","https://openalex.org/W2792315573","https://openalex.org/W2792946961","https://openalex.org/W2798434869","https://openalex.org/W2888774813","https://openalex.org/W2909846583","https://openalex.org/W2924182316","https://openalex.org/W2964904559","https://openalex.org/W2982169647","https://openalex.org/W3013998096","https://openalex.org/W3024243470","https://openalex.org/W3100591308"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"witness":[1],"quantum":[2,46,73,116,180,189,204],"advantages":[3],"in":[4,68,112,200],"practical":[5],"settings,":[6],"substantial":[7],"efforts":[8],"are":[9,185],"required":[10],"not":[11],"only":[12,131],"at":[13],"the":[14,24,34,53,88,102,105,109,115,123,141,154,157,160,173,197,201],"hardware":[15],"level":[16],"but":[17],"also":[18,138],"on":[19,52,62],"theoretical":[20],"research":[21],"to":[22,36,77],"reduce":[23],"computational":[25],"cost":[26],"of":[27,90,114,125,153,159,169],"a":[28,95,149,167],"given":[29],"protocol.":[30],"Quantum":[31],"computation":[32],"has":[33],"potential":[35],"significantly":[37],"enhance":[38],"existing":[39],"classical":[40],"machine":[41],"learning":[42],"methods,":[43],"and":[44,99,104,121,156],"several":[45],"algorithms":[47,60],"for":[48,93,166,187],"binary":[49,143],"classification":[50,144,174,190],"based":[51],"kernel":[54],"method":[55],"have":[56],"been":[57],"proposed.":[58],"These":[59],"rely":[61],"estimating":[63],"an":[64,71],"expectation":[65],"value,":[66],"which":[67,195],"turn":[69],"requires":[70],"expensive":[72],"data":[74],"encoding":[75],"procedure":[76],"be":[78,128,146,176],"repeated":[79],"many":[80],"times.":[81],"In":[82],"this":[83],"work,":[84],"we":[85,163],"calculate":[86],"explicitly":[87],"number":[89,124,155,168],"repetition":[91],"necessary":[92],"acquiring":[94],"fixed":[96],"success":[97],"probability":[98],"show":[100,139,164],"that":[101,140,165],"Hadamard-test":[103],"swap-test":[106],"circuits":[107],"achieve":[108],"optimal":[110],"variance":[111],"terms":[113],"circuit":[117],"parameters.":[118,136],"The":[119],"variance,":[120],"hence":[122],"repetition,":[126],"can":[127,145,175],"further":[129],"reduced":[130],"via":[132],"optimization":[133],"over":[134],"data-related":[135],"We":[137],"kernel-based":[142],"performed":[147,177],"with":[148],"single-qubit":[150],"measurement":[151],"regardless":[152],"dimension":[158],"data.":[161],"Finally,":[162],"relevant":[170],"noise":[171],"models":[172],"reliably":[178],"without":[179],"error":[181],"correction.":[182],"Our":[183],"findings":[184],"useful":[186],"designing":[188],"experiments":[191],"under":[192],"limited":[193],"resources,":[194],"is":[196],"common":[198],"challenge":[199],"noisy":[202],"intermediate-scale":[203],"era.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2021-04-26T00:00:00"}