{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3159176403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9533319","title":"Unified Spatio-Temporal Modeling for Traffic Forecasting using Graph Neural Network","display_name":"Unified Spatio-Temporal Modeling for Traffic Forecasting using Graph Neural Network","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3159176403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9533319","mag":"3159176403"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9533319","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9533319","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.12518","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075235854","display_name":"Amit Roy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3037-8920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31669788","display_name":"Independent University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbbf772","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31669788"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amit Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence and Cybernetics Lab, Independent University, Bangladesh","Independent University,Artificial Intelligence and Cybernetics Lab,Bangladesh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence and Cybernetics Lab, Independent University, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31669788"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent University,Artificial Intelligence and Cybernetics Lab,Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31669788"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080713655","display_name":"Kashob Kumar Roy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4691-7060"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31669788","display_name":"Independent University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbbf772","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31669788"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kashob Kumar Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence and Cybernetics Lab, Independent University, Bangladesh","Independent University,Artificial Intelligence and Cybernetics Lab,Bangladesh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence and Cybernetics Lab, Independent University, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31669788"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent University,Artificial Intelligence and Cybernetics Lab,Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31669788"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090634094","display_name":"Amin Ahsan Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0129-8705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31669788","display_name":"Independent University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbbf772","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31669788"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amin Ahsan Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence and Cybernetics Lab, Independent University, Bangladesh","Independent University,Artificial Intelligence and Cybernetics Lab,Bangladesh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence and Cybernetics Lab, Independent University, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31669788"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent University,Artificial Intelligence and Cybernetics Lab,Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31669788"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037386486","display_name":"M. Ashraful Amin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2330-9775"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31669788","display_name":"Independent University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbbf772","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31669788"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Ashraful Amin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence and Cybernetics Lab, Independent University, Bangladesh","Independent University,Artificial Intelligence and Cybernetics Lab,Bangladesh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence and Cybernetics Lab, Independent University, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31669788"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent University,Artificial Intelligence and Cybernetics Lab,Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31669788"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036083786","display_name":"A K M Mahbubur Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9941-4817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31669788","display_name":"Independent University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbbf772","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31669788"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A K M Mahbubur Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence and Cybernetics Lab, Independent University, Bangladesh","Independent University,Artificial Intelligence and Cybernetics Lab,Bangladesh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence and Cybernetics Lab, Independent University, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31669788"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent University,Artificial Intelligence and Cybernetics Lab,Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31669788"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075235854"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31669788"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3625,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57895001,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timestamp","display_name":"Timestamp","score":0.7975132465362549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.723353385925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.6419762372970581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-database","display_name":"Temporal database","score":0.5992016196250916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5430667996406555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.46637967228889465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4445483088493347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.4400199055671692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.4386797547340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3586912751197815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.3529489040374756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.22227749228477478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.14701715111732483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.12451010942459106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.10011833906173706}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113954288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186885","display_name":"Timestamp","level":2,"score":0.7975132465362549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.723353385925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.6419762372970581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77277458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1969246","display_name":"Temporal database","level":2,"score":0.5992016196250916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5430667996406555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.46637967228889465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4445483088493347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.4400199055671692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4386797547340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3586912751197815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3529489040374756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.22227749228477478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.14701715111732483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12451010942459106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.10011833906173706}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9533319","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9533319","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2104.12518","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2104.12518","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.12518","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3159176403","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://export.arxiv.org/pdf/2104.12518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2104.12518","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2104.12518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2104.12518","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2104.12518","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.12518","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329640","display_name":"Independent University, Bangladesh","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbbf772"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3159176403.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3159176403.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973943669","https://openalex.org/W1983883318","https://openalex.org/W2069929199","https://openalex.org/W2090192376","https://openalex.org/W2624431344","https://openalex.org/W2756203131","https://openalex.org/W2901504064","https://openalex.org/W2903871660","https://openalex.org/W2935726879","https://openalex.org/W2962767366","https://openalex.org/W2963358464","https://openalex.org/W2964015378","https://openalex.org/W2964321699","https://openalex.org/W2965341826","https://openalex.org/W2965399951","https://openalex.org/W2989847038","https://openalex.org/W3000386982","https://openalex.org/W3035580605","https://openalex.org/W3093761440","https://openalex.org/W3103720336","https://openalex.org/W6720006811","https://openalex.org/W6726873649","https://openalex.org/W6738964360","https://openalex.org/W6746015598","https://openalex.org/W6769934737","https://openalex.org/W6773017188"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3199175618","https://openalex.org/W3164346365","https://openalex.org/W3199464873","https://openalex.org/W3042421683","https://openalex.org/W2920651164","https://openalex.org/W3103720336","https://openalex.org/W3126367810","https://openalex.org/W2902016061","https://openalex.org/W3113297449","https://openalex.org/W3112239519","https://openalex.org/W2922228302","https://openalex.org/W3120927845","https://openalex.org/W3043674345","https://openalex.org/W3170140111","https://openalex.org/W3213178500","https://openalex.org/W3088826615","https://openalex.org/W2989847038","https://openalex.org/W3213111493","https://openalex.org/W3128727660","https://openalex.org/W3099531345"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Research":[0],"in":[1,13,110,161,167,201],"deep":[2],"learning":[3],"models":[4],"to":[5,17,20,48,63],"forecast":[6],"traffic":[7,28,79,90,127,169],"intensities":[8],"has":[9],"gained":[10],"great":[11],"attention":[12],"recent":[14],"years":[15],"due":[16],"their":[18],"capability":[19],"capture":[21],"the":[22,27,65,78,89,93,103,111,145,207,213],"complex":[23,66],"spatio-temporal":[24,153],"relationships":[25],"within":[26],"data.":[29,115,170],"However,":[30,55],"most":[31,74],"state-of-the-art":[32,199],"approaches":[33],"have":[34],"designed":[35],"spatial-only":[36],"(e.g.":[37,43],"Graph":[38,122],"Neural":[39,45],"Networks)":[40,46],"and":[41,52,133,164],"temporal-only":[42],"Recurrent":[44],"modules":[47],"separately":[49],"extract":[50,64],"spatial":[51,132],"temporal":[53,134],"features.":[54],"we":[56,117,172],"argue":[57],"that":[58,98,107,129,193],"it":[59,156],"is":[60,187,216],"less":[61],"effective":[62],"spatiotemporal":[67],"relationship":[68],"with":[69,144,219],"such":[70],"factorized":[71],"modules.":[72],"Besides,":[73],"existing":[75],"works":[76],"predict":[77],"intensity":[80],"of":[81,92,97,114,147],"a":[82,119,152],"particular":[83],"time":[84,215],"interval":[85],"only":[86],"based":[87],"on":[88,151],"data":[91],"previous":[94,162],"one":[95],"hour":[96,113],"day.":[99],"And":[100],"thereby":[101],"ignores":[102],"repetitive":[104],"daily/weekly":[105],"pattern":[106],"may":[108],"exist":[109],"last":[112],"Therefore,":[116],"propose":[118],"Unified":[120],"Spatio-Temporal":[121],"Convolution":[123],"Network":[124],"(USTGCN)":[125],"for":[126],"forecasting":[128],"performs":[130],"both":[131],"aggregation":[135],"through":[136,177],"direct":[137],"information":[138],"propagation":[139],"across":[140],"different":[141],"timestamp":[142],"nodes":[143],"help":[146],"spectral":[148],"graph":[149],"convolution":[150],"graph.":[154],"Furthermore,":[155],"captures":[157],"historical":[158],"daily":[159],"patterns":[160,166],"days":[163],"current-day":[165,168],"Finally,":[171],"validate":[173],"our":[174,194,220],"work's":[175],"effectiveness":[176],"experimental":[178],"analysis":[179],"<sup":[180,183],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[181,184],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">1</sup>":[182,185],"Code":[186],"available":[188],"at":[189],"github.com/AmitRoy7781/USTGCN,":[190],"which":[191],"shows":[192],"model":[195],"USTGCN":[196,222],"can":[197],"outperform":[198],"performances":[200],"three":[202],"popular":[203],"benchmark":[204],"datasets":[205],"from":[206],"Performance":[208],"Measurement":[209],"System":[210],"(PeMS).":[211],"Moreover,":[212],"training":[214],"reduced":[217],"significantly":[218],"proposed":[221],"model.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}