{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3091621850","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn48605.2020.9207322","title":"Explaining AI for Malware Detection: Analysis of Mechanisms of MalConv","display_name":"Explaining AI for Malware Detection: Analysis of Mechanisms of MalConv","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3091621850","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn48605.2020.9207322","mag":"3091621850"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn48605.2020.9207322","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn48605.2020.9207322","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034715708","display_name":"Shamik Bose","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0329-0344"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103163165","display_name":"Florida State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3dte14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shamik Bose","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081690483","display_name":"Timothy Barao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103163165","display_name":"Florida State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3dte14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy Barao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102867647","display_name":"Xiuwen Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9320-3872"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103163165","display_name":"Florida State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3dte14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiuwen Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034715708"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.121,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89887743,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.8502635359764099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8348215818405151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executable","display_name":"Executable","score":0.8260279893875122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6621923446655273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6301460862159729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.6054157018661499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5862630605697632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decipher","display_name":"DECIPHER","score":0.5586663484573364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.539797306060791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byte","display_name":"Byte","score":0.5269352197647095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.47851479053497314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.4731527268886566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4731115996837616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.43006882071495056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.18294495344161987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1810358762741089}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.8502635359764099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8348215818405151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160145156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778586","display_name":"Executable","level":2,"score":0.8260279893875122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6621923446655273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6301460862159729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.6054157018661499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5862630605697632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164614171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5204775","display_name":"DECIPHER","level":2,"score":0.5586663484573364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.539797306060791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43364308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8799","display_name":"Byte","level":2,"score":0.5269352197647095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.47851479053497314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.4731527268886566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4731115996837616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.43006882071495056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.18294495344161987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1810358762741089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn48605.2020.9207322","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn48605.2020.9207322","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W151377110","https://openalex.org/W192227941","https://openalex.org/W1673923490","https://openalex.org/W1775434803","https://openalex.org/W1893133781","https://openalex.org/W1945616565","https://openalex.org/W2037109870","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2099312541","https://openalex.org/W2101512909","https://openalex.org/W2107147876","https://openalex.org/W2121749752","https://openalex.org/W2130306094","https://openalex.org/W2143612262","https://openalex.org/W2144112223","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2594633041","https://openalex.org/W2798159728","https://openalex.org/W2799042347","https://openalex.org/W2799420851","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2903195579","https://openalex.org/W2963106521","https://openalex.org/W2963165251","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2963579187","https://openalex.org/W2963809228","https://openalex.org/W2964153729","https://openalex.org/W2974865449","https://openalex.org/W4288638181","https://openalex.org/W4297736277","https://openalex.org/W4297747285","https://openalex.org/W4300687693","https://openalex.org/W6637162671","https://openalex.org/W6637845829","https://openalex.org/W6640425456","https://openalex.org/W6678051712","https://openalex.org/W6679349572","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6734194636","https://openalex.org/W6745899033","https://openalex.org/W6750318962","https://openalex.org/W6750964650","https://openalex.org/W6751070894","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6758125152","https://openalex.org/W6891812711"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2115350162","https://openalex.org/W2330145053","https://openalex.org/W4249875204","https://openalex.org/W4242620632","https://openalex.org/W3205440178","https://openalex.org/W4256069380","https://openalex.org/W2416520078","https://openalex.org/W1995118279","https://openalex.org/W4240624848","https://openalex.org/W3184389706"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,99,234],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"machine":[3,32,226],"learning":[4,33,227],"has":[5],"been":[6],"used":[7],"in":[8,63,88,129,139,165],"a":[9,40,75,104,119],"very":[10],"wide":[11],"variety":[12],"of":[13,22,45,66,78,91,110,136,162,197,213],"applications":[14],"and":[15,25,35,160,168,229],"malware":[16,67],"detection":[17],"is":[18,48],"no":[19],"exception.":[20],"Because":[21],"its":[23,166],"fast":[24],"widespread":[26],"adaptation":[27],"to":[28,56,116,124,147,194,207,241],"various":[29],"diverse":[30],"fields,":[31],"can,":[34],"often":[36,53],"is,":[37],"treated":[38],"as":[39],"black":[41],"box.":[42],"The":[43],"disadvantage":[44],"doing":[46],"so":[47],"that":[49,126,187,201],"the":[50,64,89,130,134,149,152,158,171,179,188,198,208,214,217,223,236],"decisions":[51,232],"can":[52,59,84,221],"be":[54,60,85],"difficult":[55],"interpret":[57],"which":[58,83,106],"especially":[61],"challenging":[62,87],"field":[65,90],"detection.":[68],"Training":[69],"deep":[70,120,137],"neural":[71],"networks":[72,138,245],"also":[73],"requires":[74],"vast":[76],"amount":[77],"data":[79],"from":[80,178,249],"all":[81],"classes":[82,112],"quite":[86],"proprietary":[92],"software,":[93],"specially":[94],"for":[95],"smaller":[96],"research":[97],"labs.":[98],"this":[100,143,182],"paper,":[101],"we":[102,145,220],"introduce":[103],"framework":[105],"interpolates":[107],"between":[108],"samples":[109,125],"different":[111,114],"at":[113],"layers":[115,164],"see":[117],"how":[118],"network":[121,189],"architecture":[122,154,167,172],"generalizes":[123],"are":[127],"not":[128],"training":[131,247],"set,":[132],"explaining":[133],"results":[135],"real-world":[140],"testing.":[141],"Using":[142],"framework,":[144,219],"attempt":[146],"demystify":[148],"mechanisms":[150,224],"behind":[151,225],"MalConv":[153],"[1]":[155],"by":[156,174],"analyzing":[157,175],"weights":[159,193],"gradients":[161],"multiple":[163],"decipher":[169],"what":[170],"learns":[173],"raw":[176],"bytes":[177],"binary.":[180],"For":[181],"architecture,":[183],"our":[184],"analysis":[185],"shows":[186],"assigns":[190],"much":[191],"higher":[192],"specific":[195],"portions":[196,203,212],"executable":[199],"Indicating":[200],"these":[202],"contribute":[204],"significantly":[205],"more":[206],"classification":[209],"than":[210],"other":[211],"executable.":[215],"Through":[216],"proposed":[218],"explain":[222,230],"algorithms":[228],"their":[231],"better.":[233],"addition,":[235],"analyses":[237],"will":[238],"allow":[239],"us":[240],"look":[242],"inside":[243],"existing":[244],"without":[246],"them":[248],"scratch.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}