{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2801118360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2018.8489489","title":"Botnet Detection in the Internet of Things using Deep Learning Approaches","display_name":"Botnet Detection in the Internet of Things using Deep Learning Approaches","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2801118360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2018.8489489","mag":"2801118360"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2018.8489489","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2018.8489489","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058062052","display_name":"Christopher D. McDermott","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8718-0988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I522815984","display_name":"Robert Gordon University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f0qj703","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher D. McDermott","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Science and Digital Media, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Science and Digital Media, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044466622","display_name":"Farzan Majdani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4381-3832"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I522815984","display_name":"Robert Gordon University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f0qj703","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farzan Majdani","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Science and Digital Media, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Science and Digital Media, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103808666","display_name":"Andrei V. Petrovski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I522815984","display_name":"Robert Gordon University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f0qj703","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrei V. Petrovski","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Science and Digital Media, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Science and Digital Media, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":354,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botnet","display_name":"Botnet","score":0.9408407211303711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8634657859802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.8025102019309998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6683143377304077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5651867389678955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5551620125770569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-short-term-memory","display_name":"Long short term memory","score":0.5464188456535339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5439559817314148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.49668508768081665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4822129011154175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.4745110869407654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.4499448835849762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.42430204153060913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4076898694038391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.3343701958656311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.26685386896133423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.08477461338043213}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22735295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317671","display_name":"Botnet","level":3,"score":0.9408407211303711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8634657859802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.8025102019309998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6683143377304077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5651867389678955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5551620125770569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133488467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6673524","display_name":"Long short term memory","level":4,"score":0.5464188456535339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5439559817314148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.49668508768081665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4822129011154175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.4745110869407654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.4499448835849762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.42430204153060913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4076898694038391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3343701958656311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.26685386896133423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.08477461338043213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2018.8489489","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2018.8489489","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openair.rgu.ac.uk:10059/2894","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10059/2894","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400814","display_name":"Open Access Institutional Repository at Robert Gordon University (Robert Gordon University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I522815984","host_organization_name":"Robert Gordon University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference publications"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338243","display_name":"JST-Mirai Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986600497","https://openalex.org/W2022075901","https://openalex.org/W2105103777","https://openalex.org/W2231920551","https://openalex.org/W2508317201","https://openalex.org/W2528827134","https://openalex.org/W2593800047","https://openalex.org/W2617034226","https://openalex.org/W2733765803","https://openalex.org/W2742503346","https://openalex.org/W2746241639","https://openalex.org/W2752291283","https://openalex.org/W2767514953","https://openalex.org/W2791879367","https://openalex.org/W6689689846","https://openalex.org/W6742921628","https://openalex.org/W6743784556"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2038807247","https://openalex.org/W2292210693","https://openalex.org/W2097156747","https://openalex.org/W2559738661","https://openalex.org/W2147314218","https://openalex.org/W4385280324","https://openalex.org/W2912153778","https://openalex.org/W4387163678","https://openalex.org/W4288108708","https://openalex.org/W2973430807"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,78,104],"recent":[1],"growth":[2],"of":[3,6,27,39,71,138],"the":[4,25,95,109],"Internet":[5],"Things":[7],"(IoT)":[8],"has":[9],"resulted":[10],"in":[11,14],"a":[12,22,46,51,86,125],"rise":[13],"IoT":[15,32],"based":[16,49,57],"DDoS":[17],"attacks.":[18],"This":[19],"paper":[20,105],"presents":[21],"solution":[23],"to":[24,44,85,114,123],"detection":[26,47,81],"botnet":[28],"activity":[29],"within":[30],"consumer":[31],"devices":[33],"and":[34,69,98,102,117,141],"networks.":[35],"A":[36,131],"novel":[37],"application":[38],"Deep":[40],"Learning":[41],"is":[42,64,83,142],"used":[43,65,93],"develop":[45],"model":[48,82,128],"on":[50],"Bidirectional":[52],"Long":[53],"Short":[54],"Term":[55],"Memory":[56],"Recurrent":[58],"Neural":[59],"Network":[60],"(BLSTM-RNN).":[61],"Word":[62],"Embedding":[63],"for":[66,88,100],"text":[67],"recognition":[68],"conversion":[70],"attack":[72,91],"packets":[73],"into":[74],"tokenised":[75],"integer":[76],"format.":[77],"developed":[79],"BLSTM-RNN":[80],"compared":[84],"LSTM-RNN":[87],"detecting":[89],"four":[90],"vectors":[92],"by":[94],"mirai":[96],"botnet,":[97],"evaluated":[99],"accuracy":[101],"loss.":[103],"demonstrates":[106],"that":[107],"although":[108],"bidirectional":[110],"approach":[111],"adds":[112],"overhead":[113],"each":[115],"epoch":[116],"increases":[118],"processing":[119],"time,":[120],"it":[121],"proves":[122],"be":[124],"better":[126],"progressive":[127],"over":[129],"time.":[130],"labelled":[132],"dataset":[133],"was":[134],"generated":[135],"as":[136],"part":[137],"this":[139],"research,":[140],"available":[143],"upon":[144],"request.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":77},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":63},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
