{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2735774843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2017.7966098","title":"Optimization-based computation with spiking neurons","display_name":"Optimization-based computation with spiking neurons","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2735774843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2017.7966098","mag":"2735774843"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2017.7966098","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2017.7966098","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1431555","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074294924","display_name":"Stephen Verzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2152-851X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104735","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen J. Verzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043569589","display_name":"Craig M. Vineyard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4787-6160"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104735","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Craig M. Vineyard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057527132","display_name":"Eric D. Vugrin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9665-5321"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104735","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric D. Vugrin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020952155","display_name":"Meghan Galiardi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104735","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meghan Galiardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063028481","display_name":"Conrad D. James","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-4244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104735","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Conrad D. James","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002624302","display_name":"James B. Aimone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7361-253X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104735","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James B. Aimone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6531,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90090698,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"1104","issue":null,"first_page":"2015","last_page":"2022"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromorphic-engineering","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","score":0.9403939247131348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7726669311523438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiking-neural-network","display_name":"Spiking neural network","score":0.7549689412117004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.623969554901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.5113041400909424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.498629093170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spike","display_name":"Spike (software development)","score":0.4752899408340454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-coding","display_name":"Neural coding","score":0.4607769846916199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.4262031316757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.42616137862205505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.38553348183631897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37221992015838623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3714008629322052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.3581017851829529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.18735387921333313}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151927369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981312","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","level":3,"score":0.9403939247131348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7726669311523438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9067355","display_name":"Spiking neural network","level":3,"score":0.7549689412117004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.623969554901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.5113041400909424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.498629093170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781390188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25203449","display_name":"Spike (software development)","level":2,"score":0.4752899408340454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77637269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7002051","display_name":"Neural coding","level":2,"score":0.4607769846916199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.4262031316757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.42616137862205505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.38553348183631897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37221992015838623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3714008629322052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3581017851829529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.18735387921333313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2017.7966098","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2017.7966098","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1431555","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1431555","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1431555","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1422128","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1422128","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1422129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1422129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1431555","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1431555","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1431555","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1251382736","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC04\u201394AL85000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337547","funder_display_name":"Laboratory Directed Research and Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G194215011","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE\u2013AC04\u201394AL85000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2075401295","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC04- 94AL85000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332369","funder_display_name":"National Nuclear Security Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G351415096","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DEAC04-94AL85000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338291","funder_display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7318852158","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC04-94AL85000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338291","funder_display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8456466421","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC04-94AL85000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332369","display_name":"National Nuclear Security Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/03sk1we31"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337547","display_name":"Laboratory Directed Research and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338291","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2735774843.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2735774843.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W101771737","https://openalex.org/W126497481","https://openalex.org/W194167025","https://openalex.org/W794638941","https://openalex.org/W1486852018","https://openalex.org/W1498436455","https://openalex.org/W1510857921","https://openalex.org/W1512709563","https://openalex.org/W1608034581","https://openalex.org/W1766349993","https://openalex.org/W1766393701","https://openalex.org/W1926086117","https://openalex.org/W1972791019","https://openalex.org/W1986739317","https://openalex.org/W1987927386","https://openalex.org/W1989640573","https://openalex.org/W1996641400","https://openalex.org/W2006370340","https://openalex.org/W2011306557","https://openalex.org/W2051770502","https://openalex.org/W2053422185","https://openalex.org/W2055874330","https://openalex.org/W2060561757","https://openalex.org/W2069489095","https://openalex.org/W2070911168","https://openalex.org/W2074499935","https://openalex.org/W2076964542","https://openalex.org/W2087489294","https://openalex.org/W2089062581","https://openalex.org/W2089316513","https://openalex.org/W2128432504","https://openalex.org/W2130360162","https://openalex.org/W2138913040","https://openalex.org/W2142820603","https://openalex.org/W2148347826","https://openalex.org/W2155904486","https://openalex.org/W2156640153","https://openalex.org/W2159951683","https://openalex.org/W2160988512","https://openalex.org/W2326587081","https://openalex.org/W2482053526","https://openalex.org/W2884666145","https://openalex.org/W2962752743","https://openalex.org/W4239236525","https://openalex.org/W4246219036","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4252684946","https://openalex.org/W6605144752","https://openalex.org/W6607904930","https://openalex.org/W6638157315"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3036270242","https://openalex.org/W2542565870","https://openalex.org/W3089892344","https://openalex.org/W4297889476","https://openalex.org/W3081559266","https://openalex.org/W3160415743","https://openalex.org/W3208975838","https://openalex.org/W4313442939","https://openalex.org/W4386227293","https://openalex.org/W4372267706"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Considerable":[0],"effort":[1],"is":[2],"currently":[3],"being":[4],"spent":[5],"designing":[6],"neuromorphic":[7,20,84],"hardware":[8,38],"for":[9,48,55,64,111],"addressing":[10],"challenging":[11],"problems":[12,56],"in":[13,67,107,114],"a":[14,45,87,108],"variety":[15],"of":[16,57,62,104],"pattern-matching":[17],"applications.":[18],"These":[19],"systems":[21],"offer":[22],"low":[23],"power":[24],"architectures":[25,39],"with":[26,74],"intrinsically":[27],"parallel":[28],"and":[29,99],"simple":[30],"spiking":[31,50,63,116],"neuron":[32],"processing":[33],"elements.":[34],"Unfortunately,":[35],"these":[36],"new":[37],"have":[40],"been":[41,71],"largely":[42],"developed":[43],"without":[44],"clear":[46],"justification":[47],"using":[49],"neurons":[51],"to":[52,77],"compute":[53],"quantities":[54],"interest.":[58],"Specifically,":[59],"the":[60,79,102],"use":[61,103],"encoding":[65],"information":[66],"time":[68],"has":[69],"not":[70],"explored":[72],"theoretically":[73],"complexity":[75],"analysis":[76],"examine":[78],"operating":[80],"conditions":[81],"under":[82],"which":[83],"computing":[85],"provides":[86],"computational":[88],"advantage":[89],"(time,":[90],"space,":[91],"power,":[92],"etc.)":[93],"In":[94],"this":[95],"paper,":[96],"we":[97],"present":[98],"formally":[100],"analyze":[101],"temporal":[105],"coding":[106],"neural-inspired":[109],"algorithm":[110],"optimization-based":[112],"computation":[113],"neural":[115],"architectures.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}