{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2735138736","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2017.7965929","title":"Abstraction hierarchy in deep learning neural networks","display_name":"Abstraction hierarchy in deep learning neural networks","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2735138736","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2017.7965929","mag":"2735138736"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2017.7965929","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2017.7965929","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022912549","display_name":"Roman Ilin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4922-2598"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280414376","display_name":"United States Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Roman Ilin","raw_affiliation_strings":["RYAT, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, OH"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RYAT, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, OH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055914870","display_name":"Thomas P. Watson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94658018","display_name":"University of Memphis","ror":"https://ror.org/01cq23130","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Watson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of ECE, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011829386","display_name":"R\u00f3bert Kozma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7011-5768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94658018","display_name":"University of Memphis","ror":"https://ror.org/01cq23130","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Kozma","raw_affiliation_strings":["CICS, UMass, Amherst, MA","Department of Mathematics, University of Memphis, TN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CICS, UMass, Amherst, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of Memphis, TN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022912549"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.39,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69761534,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"768","last_page":"774"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstraction","display_name":"Abstraction","score":0.8822891116142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7693709135055542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling","display_name":"Pooling","score":0.6646952629089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchy","display_name":"Hierarchy","score":0.650096595287323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.6474371552467346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.631223201751709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toolbox","display_name":"Toolbox","score":0.6237171292304993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.5409387946128845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.5220563411712646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5180335640907288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4764428734779358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4512958228588104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstraction-layer","display_name":"Abstraction layer","score":0.44982051849365234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.435741126537323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3797438144683838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.37390485405921936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3341823220252991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.2006174623966217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.1779959499835968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11900651454925537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.0989927351474762}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.8822891116142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7693709135055542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.6646952629089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.650096595287323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6474371552467346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.631223201751709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777655017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501161","display_name":"Toolbox","level":2,"score":0.6237171292304993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.5409387946128845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5220563411712646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5180335640907288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4764428734779358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4512958228588104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147358964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1200992","display_name":"Abstraction layer","level":3,"score":0.44982051849365234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.435741126537323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3797438144683838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.37390485405921936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3341823220252991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2006174623966217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.1779959499835968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11900651454925537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0989927351474762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2017.7965929","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2017.7965929","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1573503290","https://openalex.org/W1731081199","https://openalex.org/W1814328102","https://openalex.org/W1901616594","https://openalex.org/W1963882359","https://openalex.org/W1989789052","https://openalex.org/W1993362696","https://openalex.org/W2022141188","https://openalex.org/W2028069051","https://openalex.org/W2047278710","https://openalex.org/W2076063813","https://openalex.org/W2094149843","https://openalex.org/W2149009003","https://openalex.org/W2150355110","https://openalex.org/W2163922914","https://openalex.org/W2241417046","https://openalex.org/W2408502638","https://openalex.org/W2412366109","https://openalex.org/W2497492689","https://openalex.org/W2614311475","https://openalex.org/W2623293810","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W4231109964","https://openalex.org/W4239510810"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984744919","https://openalex.org/W2132930690","https://openalex.org/W2770599040","https://openalex.org/W1901380330","https://openalex.org/W3009812692","https://openalex.org/W2901324294","https://openalex.org/W4248324254","https://openalex.org/W3017219868","https://openalex.org/W2075164989","https://openalex.org/W3117872823"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,18,96],"develop":[1],"a":[2,72,90],"methodology":[3],"to":[4,13,71],"assess":[5],"knowledge":[6],"representation":[7],"in":[8,77],"deep":[9],"neural":[10],"networks":[11],"trained":[12],"recognize":[14],"classes":[15],"of":[16,31,56,106],"objects.":[17],"measure":[19],"the":[20,27,65,78,104],"abstraction":[21,79,94],"level":[22],"by":[23,83],"studying":[24],"correlations":[25],"between":[26,93],"neuron":[28],"activation":[29],"levels":[30],"different":[32,54,62],"layers":[33],"based":[34],"on":[35,64],"image":[36],"class.":[37],"The":[38,50,67],"approach":[39],"is":[40],"developed":[41],"and":[42,47,98,102],"tested":[43],"using":[44],"CIFAR-10":[45],"dataset":[46],"MatConvNet":[48],"toolbox.":[49],"results":[51,101],"show":[52],"that":[53],"kinds":[55],"layers,":[57],"convolutional":[58],"or":[59],"pooling,":[60],"have":[61],"effect":[63],"representation.":[66],"observations":[68],"also":[69],"point":[70],"tendency":[73],"for":[74],"incremental":[75],"increase":[76],"measure,":[80],"sometimes":[81],"interrupted":[82],"more":[84],"significant":[85],"jumps,":[86],"which":[87],"may":[88],"indicate":[89],"qualitative":[91],"transition":[92],"levels.":[95],"describe":[97],"interpret":[99],"current":[100],"outline":[103],"direction":[105],"future":[107],"work.":[108]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}