{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2053570781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2014.6889676","title":"Linear regression for head pose analysis","display_name":"Linear regression for head pose analysis","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2053570781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2014.6889676","mag":"2053570781"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2014.6889676","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2014.6889676","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006580423","display_name":"Hui Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7655-9228"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63072094","display_name":"University of Portsmouth","ror":"https://ror.org/03ykbk197","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63072094"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hui Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Creative Technologies, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK","Sch. of Creative Technol., Univ. of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Creative Technologies, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63072094"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Creative Technol., Univ. of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63072094"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085867312","display_name":"Honghai Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2880-4698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63072094","display_name":"University of Portsmouth","ror":"https://ror.org/03ykbk197","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63072094"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Honghai Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Creative Technologies, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK","Sch. of Creative Technol., Univ. of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Creative Technologies, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63072094"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Creative Technol., Univ. of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63072094"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006580423"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63072094"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4878,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69479303,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":null,"first_page":"987","last_page":"992"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pose","display_name":"Pose","score":0.8168742060661316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.780192494392395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7292492389678955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6638010740280151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6064572334289551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-pose-estimation","display_name":"3D pose estimation","score":0.589533805847168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.5780715942382812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.5760247707366943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5017008781433105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.49646931886672974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.4675898253917694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.418804407119751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression","display_name":"Regression","score":0.41855186223983765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17550939321517944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.08777725696563721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.08498966693878174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52102323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671968","display_name":"Pose","level":2,"score":0.8168742060661316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.780192494392395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7292492389678955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6638010740280151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6064572334289551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36613465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4636322","display_name":"3D pose estimation","level":3,"score":0.589533805847168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5780715942382812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.5760247707366943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5017008781433105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.49646931886672974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.4675898253917694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.418804407119751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.41855186223983765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17550939321517944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08777725696563721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.08498966693878174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2014.6889676","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2014.6889676","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchportal.port.ac.uk:publications/79efc5c8-7c3e-4261-85f2-03dfc563c5df","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/linear-regression-for-head-pose-analysis(79efc5c8-7c3e-4261-85f2-03dfc563c5df).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401774","display_name":"Portsmouth Research Portal (University of Portsmouth)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63072094","host_organization_name":"University of Portsmouth","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63072094"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969560868","https://openalex.org/W1989702938","https://openalex.org/W2082045173","https://openalex.org/W2097437748","https://openalex.org/W2102126962","https://openalex.org/W2102210486","https://openalex.org/W2107813907","https://openalex.org/W2120100419","https://openalex.org/W2121782097","https://openalex.org/W2129812935","https://openalex.org/W2130298105","https://openalex.org/W2137695006","https://openalex.org/W2149382413","https://openalex.org/W2150761159","https://openalex.org/W2152826865","https://openalex.org/W2165916500","https://openalex.org/W2296659146","https://openalex.org/W6679370400"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4253893311","https://openalex.org/W3089306886","https://openalex.org/W2113785214","https://openalex.org/W2798721181","https://openalex.org/W3201205132","https://openalex.org/W4387967917","https://openalex.org/W4312694060","https://openalex.org/W4386075737","https://openalex.org/W4393563475","https://openalex.org/W4382141741"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Extensive":[0],"research":[1],"has":[2,151],"been":[3],"conducted":[4,142],"to":[5,18,34,85,129],"estimate":[6],"and":[7,22,43,137,147],"analyze":[8],"head":[9],"poses":[10,123,132],"for":[11,28,62],"various":[12,122],"applications.":[13],"Most":[14],"existing":[15],"methods":[16],"tend":[17],"detect":[19],"facial":[20,51],"features":[21,42,70],"locate":[23],"landmarks":[24,72],"on":[25,93,143],"a":[26,60,81,134],"face":[27,38,47,69],"pose":[29,63,78,87,97,105],"estimation.":[30],"However,":[31],"the":[32,50,66,77,86,94,104,117,125,144,153,156],"sensitivity":[33],"occlusion":[35],"of":[36,46,68,155],"some":[37],"parts":[39],"with":[40],"key":[41],"uncontrolled":[44],"illumination":[45],"images":[48],"make":[49],"feature":[52],"detection":[53],"vulnerable.":[54],"In":[55,114],"this":[56,112],"paper,":[57],"we":[58,75,127],"propose":[59,128],"framework":[61],"estimation":[64,79],"without":[65],"need":[67],"or":[71],"detection.":[73],"Specifically,":[74],"formulate":[76],"as":[80],"linear":[82],"regression":[83],"applied":[84],"space.":[88],"This":[89],"method":[90],"is":[91],"based":[92],"assumption":[95],"that":[96],"space":[98],"cannot":[99],"be":[100],"linearly":[101],"approximated":[102],"in":[103,124],"subspace.":[106],"The":[107,140],"experimental":[108],"results":[109],"strongly":[110],"support":[111],"assumption.":[113],"cases":[115],"where":[116],"database":[118,150],"does":[119],"not":[120],"obtain":[121],"intraclass,":[126],"generate":[130],"those":[131],"through":[133],"3D":[135],"reconstruction":[136],"projection":[138],"method.":[139,158],"experiment":[141],"CMU":[145],"MultiPIE":[146],"IMM":[148],"Face":[149],"shown":[152],"effectiveness":[154],"proposed":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
