{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1991000853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2013.6706841","title":"Hidden Markov models with graph densities for action recognition","display_name":"Hidden Markov models with graph densities for action recognition","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1991000853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2013.6706841","mag":"1991000853"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2013.6706841","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2013.6706841","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 2013 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002563893","display_name":"Michael Glodek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196349391","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Glodek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Neural Information Processing, University of Ulm, Germany","Inst. of Neural Inf. Process., Univ. of Ulm, Ulm, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Neural Information Processing, University of Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Neural Inf. Process., Univ. of Ulm, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053948915","display_name":"Edmondo Trentin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2197-0703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","display_name":"University of Siena","ror":"https://ror.org/01tevnk56","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edmondo Trentin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell\u2019 Informazione (DII), University of Siena, Italy","Dipt. di Ing. dell' Inf. (DII), Univ. of Siena, Siena, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell\u2019 Informazione (DII), University of Siena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipt. di Ing. dell' Inf. (DII), Univ. of Siena, Siena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078096723","display_name":"Friedhelm Schwenker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5118-0812"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196349391","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Friedhelm Schwenker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Neural Information Processing, University of Ulm, Germany","Inst. of Neural Inf. Process., Univ. of Ulm, Ulm, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Neural Information Processing, University of Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Neural Inf. Process., Univ. of Ulm, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104754338","display_name":"G\u00fcnther Palm","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196349391","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gunther Palm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Neural Information Processing, University of Ulm, Germany","Inst. of Neural Inf. Process., Univ. of Ulm, Ulm, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Neural Information Processing, University of Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Neural Inf. Process., Univ. of Ulm, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002563893"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8165,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75192514,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.8690124750137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7002077698707581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6543211936950684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6494930982589722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5684719681739807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action-recognition","display_name":"Action recognition","score":0.5665329098701477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5493806600570679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.5409762263298035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphical-model","display_name":"Graphical model","score":0.5066772103309631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.4832763969898224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.479551762342453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-random-field","display_name":"Markov random field","score":0.47459977865219116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-model","display_name":"Markov model","score":0.4602021872997284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.4350701570510864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.42642003297805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3840258717536926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.29099130630493164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2145179808139801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.2126064896583557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.1925922930240631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.07562503218650818}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.8690124750137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7002077698707581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6543211936950684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6494930982589722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5684719681739807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987834672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677630","display_name":"Action recognition","level":3,"score":0.5665329098701477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5493806600570679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5409762263298035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155846161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143367","display_name":"Graphical model","level":2,"score":0.5066772103309631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4832763969898224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.479551762342453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778045648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176827","display_name":"Markov random field","level":4,"score":0.47459977865219116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163836022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6771326","display_name":"Markov model","level":3,"score":0.4602021872997284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.4350701570510864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.42642003297805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3840258717536926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.29099130630493164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2145179808139801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2126064896583557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.1925922930240631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07562503218650818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2013.6706841","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2013.6706841","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 2013 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:usiena-air.unisi.it:11365/47084","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11365/47084","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196319","display_name":"Use Siena air (University of Siena)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","host_organization_name":"University of Siena","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32398145","https://openalex.org/W650311001","https://openalex.org/W1543093274","https://openalex.org/W1601795611","https://openalex.org/W1631504559","https://openalex.org/W2017695267","https://openalex.org/W2020163092","https://openalex.org/W2065564506","https://openalex.org/W2106996050","https://openalex.org/W2117973875","https://openalex.org/W2125263419","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2139750044","https://openalex.org/W2147260807","https://openalex.org/W2155268664","https://openalex.org/W2157715083","https://openalex.org/W2165293600","https://openalex.org/W2168562153","https://openalex.org/W2485241682","https://openalex.org/W6601293981","https://openalex.org/W6655019712"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510894296","https://openalex.org/W2134386692","https://openalex.org/W2194396582","https://openalex.org/W2082284720","https://openalex.org/W2116722627","https://openalex.org/W2537260108","https://openalex.org/W2379938888","https://openalex.org/W2566202039","https://openalex.org/W4233405330","https://openalex.org/W2792905593"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human":[0],"action":[1,124,142],"recognition":[2,13],"in":[3,11,36,38],"video":[4],"streams":[5],"is":[6,44,117],"a":[7,67,81,120],"fast":[8],"developing":[9],"field":[10],"pattern":[12],"and":[14],"machine":[15],"learning.":[16],"Local":[17],"image":[18],"representations,":[19],"e.g.":[20],"space-time":[21],"interest":[22,43],"points":[23],"[1],":[24],"have":[25],"proven":[26],"to":[27,46,53,100],"be":[28,157],"the":[29,40,50,77,91,133,138],"current":[30],"most":[31],"reliable":[32],"choice":[33],"of":[34,42,103,105,130,135,141],"feature":[35],"sequences":[37,102,155],"which":[39,70],"region":[41],"difficult":[45],"determine":[47],"[2].":[48,63],"However,":[49],"question":[51],"how":[52],"deal":[54],"with":[55],"more":[56],"severe":[57],"occlusions":[58,74,109,131],"has":[59],"large":[60],"been":[61],"ignored":[62],"This":[64],"work":[65],"proposes":[66],"new":[68],"approach":[69,116],"directly":[71],"addresses":[72],"heavy":[73],"by":[75],"modeling":[76],"skeleton-based":[78],"features":[79],"using":[80,119],"probability":[82],"density":[83,93],"functions":[84],"(PDF)":[85],"defined":[86],"over":[87,113],"graphs.":[88],"We":[89],"integrated":[90],"proposed":[92],"into":[94],"an":[95],"hidden":[96],"Markov":[97],"model":[98,101],"(HMM)":[99],"graphs":[104],"arbitrary":[106],"sizes,":[107],"i.e.":[108],"setting":[110],"may":[111],"change":[112],"time.":[114],"The":[115,144],"evaluated":[118],"dataset":[121],"embracing":[122],"three":[123],"classes,":[125],"studying":[126],"six":[127],"different":[128],"types":[129],"(involving":[132],"removal":[134],"subgraphs":[136],"from":[137,151],"graphical":[139],"representation":[140],"sequence).":[143],"presented":[145],"study":[146],"shows":[147],"clearly":[148],"that":[149],"actions":[150],"even":[152],"heavily":[153],"occluded":[154],"can":[156],"reliably":[158],"recognized.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
