{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2054912984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2013.6706831","title":"Gaussian-Bernoulli deep Boltzmann machine","display_name":"Gaussian-Bernoulli deep Boltzmann machine","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2054912984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2013.6706831","mag":"2054912984"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2013.6706831","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2013.6706831","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 2013 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110105541","display_name":"Kyung Hyun Cho","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kyung Hyun Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Computer Science, Aalto University, Finland","[Department of Information and Computer Science, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Computer Science, Aalto University, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Information and Computer Science, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008894339","display_name":"Tapani Raiko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0321-304X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tapani Raiko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Computer Science, Aalto University, Finland","[Department of Information and Computer Science, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Computer Science, Aalto University, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Information and Computer Science, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103933556","display_name":"Alexander Ilin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6419-3006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Ilin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Computer Science, Aalto University, Finland","[Department of Information and Computer Science, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Computer Science, Aalto University, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Information and Computer Science, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110105541"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.0188,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":125,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97830746,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11206","display_name":"Model Reduction and Neural Networks","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boltzmann-machine","display_name":"Boltzmann machine","score":0.9575079679489136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/restricted-boltzmann-machine","display_name":"Restricted Boltzmann machine","score":0.7842812538146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bernoullis-principle","display_name":"Bernoulli's principle","score":0.7730189561843872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6844873428344727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5564678311347961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.506616473197937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.47730791568756104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-process","display_name":"Gaussian process","score":0.46806302666664124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.4166216552257538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3964765667915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19510340690612793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1098269522190094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192576344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194706","display_name":"Boltzmann machine","level":3,"score":0.9575079679489136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199354608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316287","display_name":"Restricted Boltzmann machine","level":3,"score":0.7842812538146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152361515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181328","display_name":"Bernoulli's principle","level":2,"score":0.7730189561843872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6844873428344727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5564678311347961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.506616473197937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.47730791568756104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61326573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496376","display_name":"Gaussian process","level":3,"score":0.46806302666664124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.4166216552257538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3964765667915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19510340690612793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1098269522190094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2013.6706831","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2013.6706831","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 2013 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.220.8451","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.220.8451","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cis.hut.fi/praiko/papers/nips11Cho.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.361.1836","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.361.1836","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://users.ics.aalto.fi/kcho/papers/ijcnn13gdbm.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.414.6705","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.414.6705","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://users.ics.aalto.fi/praiko/papers/ijcnn2013.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W142185896","https://openalex.org/W154472438","https://openalex.org/W177847060","https://openalex.org/W189596042","https://openalex.org/W1495672967","https://openalex.org/W1499021337","https://openalex.org/W1562353105","https://openalex.org/W1835073532","https://openalex.org/W1873032297","https://openalex.org/W2040370888","https://openalex.org/W2054912984","https://openalex.org/W2072128103","https://openalex.org/W2099939455","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2103560185","https://openalex.org/W2103819961","https://openalex.org/W2116825644","https://openalex.org/W2134557905","https://openalex.org/W2136936677","https://openalex.org/W2138857742","https://openalex.org/W2164587673","https://openalex.org/W2166698530","https://openalex.org/W2171312459","https://openalex.org/W2184970173","https://openalex.org/W2189142260","https://openalex.org/W2200708944","https://openalex.org/W2399803916","https://openalex.org/W2401823607","https://openalex.org/W2601260342","https://openalex.org/W2606321545","https://openalex.org/W2797746357","https://openalex.org/W2963184277","https://openalex.org/W2964019998","https://openalex.org/W3106144113","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W4231109964","https://openalex.org/W6605753235","https://openalex.org/W6606244218","https://openalex.org/W6607232846","https://openalex.org/W6607775107","https://openalex.org/W6629584833","https://openalex.org/W6633625484","https://openalex.org/W6634527055","https://openalex.org/W6664085668","https://openalex.org/W6674789083","https://openalex.org/W6680066585","https://openalex.org/W6680300913","https://openalex.org/W6684898815","https://openalex.org/W6686923012","https://openalex.org/W6687126948","https://openalex.org/W6687884132","https://openalex.org/W6713057566","https://openalex.org/W6787972765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2952018105","https://openalex.org/W2916681395","https://openalex.org/W4283272532","https://openalex.org/W2119341610","https://openalex.org/W2556473569","https://openalex.org/W2193475944","https://openalex.org/W4302433642","https://openalex.org/W2529583158","https://openalex.org/W2551541394","https://openalex.org/W2892911634"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,8],"study":[4],"a":[5],"model":[6],"that":[7,73],"call":[9],"Gaussian-Bernoulli":[10,37],"deep":[11,85],"Boltzmann":[12,39,86],"machine":[13,40],"(GDBM)":[14],"and":[15,32,67,101],"discuss":[16],"potential":[17],"improvements":[18,52],"in":[19,83,95],"training":[20,84],"the":[21,54,79,93,102],"model.":[22],"GDBM":[23,58],"is":[24,34],"designed":[25],"to":[26,29],"be":[27],"applicable":[28],"continuous":[30],"data":[31],"it":[33],"constructed":[35],"from":[36],"restricted":[38],"(GRBM)":[41],"by":[42],"adding":[43],"multiple":[44],"layers":[45],"of":[46,53,78,91,104],"binary":[47],"hidden":[48],"neurons.":[49],"The":[50],"studied":[51],"learning":[55,65,98],"algorithm":[56],"for":[57],"include":[59],"parallel":[60],"tempering,":[61],"enhanced":[62],"gradient,":[63],"adaptive":[64],"rate":[66,99],"layer-wise":[68],"pretraining.":[69],"We":[70],"empirically":[71],"show":[72],"they":[74],"help":[75],"avoid":[76],"some":[77],"common":[80],"difficulties":[81],"found":[82],"machines":[87],"such":[88],"as":[89],"divergence":[90],"learning,":[92],"difficulty":[94],"choosing":[96],"right":[97],"scheduling,":[100],"existence":[103],"meaningless":[105],"higher":[106],"layers.":[107]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
