{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2023673090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2012.6252809","title":"Linear basis-function t-SNE for fast nonlinear dimensionality reduction","display_name":"Linear basis-function t-SNE for fast nonlinear dimensionality reduction","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2023673090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2012.6252809","mag":"2023673090"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2012.6252809","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2012.6252809","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 2012 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091764838","display_name":"Andrej Gisbrecht","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","display_name":"Bielefeld University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hpadn98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Gisbrecht","raw_affiliation_strings":["CITEC Center of Excellence, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany","University of Bielefeld, CITEC Center of Excellence, Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 21-23, 33615, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CITEC Center of Excellence, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bielefeld, CITEC Center of Excellence, Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 21-23, 33615, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113581981","display_name":"Bassam Mokbel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","display_name":"Bielefeld University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hpadn98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Mokbel","raw_affiliation_strings":["CITEC Center of Excellence, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany","University of Bielefeld, CITEC Center of Excellence, Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 21-23, 33615, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CITEC Center of Excellence, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bielefeld, CITEC Center of Excellence, Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 21-23, 33615, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091180862","display_name":"Barbara Hammer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0935-5591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","display_name":"Bielefeld University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hpadn98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Hammer","raw_affiliation_strings":["CITEC Center of Excellence, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany","University of Bielefeld, CITEC Center of Excellence, Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 21-23, 33615, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CITEC Center of Excellence, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bielefeld, CITEC Center of Excellence, Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 21-23, 33615, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0304,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89952971,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.763416588306427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.7475581765174866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6774808764457703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.6182200908660889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.6125020980834961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-statistics","display_name":"Parametric statistics","score":0.5612624883651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curse-of-dimensionality","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","score":0.5315810441970825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.5309851765632629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limit","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","score":0.5080454349517822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5009276866912842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basis-function","display_name":"Basis function","score":0.471889853477478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4702775776386261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-point","display_name":"Data point","score":0.46679314970970154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.422846257686615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.31349897384643555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24345234036445618}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.763416588306427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.7475581765174866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6774808764457703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.6182200908660889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.6125020980834961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.5612624883651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.5315810441970825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5309851765632629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5080454349517822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5009276866912842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5917680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2621825","display_name":"Basis function","level":2,"score":0.471889853477478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4702775776386261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21080849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13611879","display_name":"Data point","level":2,"score":0.46679314970970154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.422846257686615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31349897384643555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24345234036445618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2012.6252809","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2012.6252809","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 2012 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pub.librecat.org:2625276","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2625276","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401671","display_name":"PUB \u2013 Publications at Bielefeld University (Bielefeld University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","host_organization_name":"Bielefeld University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gisbrecht A, Mokbel B, Hammer B. Linear Basis-Function t-SNE for Fast Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction. In: <em>IJCNN</em>. 2012.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pub.uni-bielefeld.de:2982108","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2982108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401671","display_name":"PUB \u2013 Publications at Bielefeld University (Bielefeld University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","host_organization_name":"Bielefeld University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_5794"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W198244778","https://openalex.org/W1480376833","https://openalex.org/W1742512077","https://openalex.org/W1966031848","https://openalex.org/W1997780235","https://openalex.org/W2025218532","https://openalex.org/W2030813267","https://openalex.org/W2053186076","https://openalex.org/W2097308346","https://openalex.org/W2097481508","https://openalex.org/W2097827365","https://openalex.org/W2098392074","https://openalex.org/W2103250033","https://openalex.org/W2104343831","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2113751382","https://openalex.org/W2115622455","https://openalex.org/W2116516955","https://openalex.org/W2133916049","https://openalex.org/W2140221871","https://openalex.org/W2157444450","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2253715020","https://openalex.org/W3008070742","https://openalex.org/W3120421331","https://openalex.org/W3120740533","https://openalex.org/W6608051910","https://openalex.org/W6674684020","https://openalex.org/W6675955514","https://openalex.org/W6680590460","https://openalex.org/W6683161245","https://openalex.org/W6691869233"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995622179","https://openalex.org/W1484111231","https://openalex.org/W4391160746","https://openalex.org/W1909208367","https://openalex.org/W1552543208","https://openalex.org/W2994280181","https://openalex.org/W2074396517","https://openalex.org/W2166963679","https://openalex.org/W2187269125","https://openalex.org/W1641615907"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"t-distributed":[0],"stochastic":[1],"neighbor":[2],"embedding":[3,98],"(t-SNE)":[4],"constitutes":[5],"a":[6,95,114,144],"nonlinear":[7,23,97,175],"dimensionality":[8,176],"reduction":[9,177],"technique":[10,37,54,66,110],"which":[11,34,146],"is":[12,55,129],"particularly":[13],"suited":[14],"to":[15,63,67,80,89],"visualize":[16],"high":[17],"dimensional":[18],"data":[19,41,69,120,157,164],"sets":[20,42],"with":[21,133],"intrinsic":[22],"structures.":[24],"A":[25],"major":[26],"drawback,":[27],"however,":[28],"consists":[29],"in":[30,46,139,181],"its":[31,126],"squared":[32],"complexity":[33],"makes":[35],"the":[36,53,65,85,106,109,118,134,148,155,163,171],"infeasible":[38],"for":[39,100,167],"large":[40],"or":[43],"online":[44],"application":[45],"an":[47,76,81],"interactive":[48,182],"framework.":[49],"In":[50,71,84],"addition,":[51],"since":[52],"non":[56],"parametric,":[57],"it":[58,87,142],"possesses":[59],"no":[60],"direct":[61],"method":[62],"extend":[64],"novel":[68],"points.":[70],"this":[72],"contribution,":[73],"we":[74],"propose":[75],"extension":[77],"of":[78,108,117,150,162],"t-SNE":[79,151],"explicit":[82],"mapping.":[83],"limit,":[86],"reduces":[88],"standard":[90,135],"non-parametric":[91],"t-SNE,":[92],"while":[93],"offering":[94],"feasible":[96],"function":[99],"other":[101],"parameter":[102],"choices.":[103],"We":[104],"evaluate":[105],"performance":[107],"when":[111,131,152],"trained":[112,153],"on":[113,154],"small":[115],"subpart":[116],"given":[119],"only.":[121],"It":[122],"turns":[123],"out":[124],"that":[125],"generalization":[127],"ability":[128],"good":[130],"evaluated":[132],"quality":[136,145,149],"curve.":[137],"Further,":[138],"many":[140],"cases,":[141],"obtains":[143],"approximates":[147],"full":[156],"set,":[158],"albeit":[159],"only":[160],"10%":[161],"are":[165],"used":[166],"training.":[168],"This":[169],"opens":[170],"way":[172],"towards":[173],"efficient":[174],"techniques":[178],"as":[179],"required":[180],"settings.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}