{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2049053217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2012.6252712","title":"Semi-supervised detection of collective anomalies with an application in high energy particle physics","display_name":"Semi-supervised detection of collective anomalies with an application in high energy particle physics","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2049053217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2012.6252712","mag":"2049053217"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2012.6252712","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2012.6252712","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 2012 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049927688","display_name":"Tommi Vatanen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0949-1291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tommi Vatanen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalto University School of Science, Aalto, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto University School of Science, Aalto, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019156344","display_name":"Mikael Kuusela","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6875-945X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800229700","display_name":"Helsinki Institute of Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/01x2x1522","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052","https://openalex.org/I2800229700","https://openalex.org/I63548447","https://openalex.org/I94722563","https://openalex.org/I9927081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikael Kuusela","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalto University School of Science, Aalto, Finland","Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto University School of Science, Aalto, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052","https://openalex.org/I2800229700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046542764","display_name":"Eric Malmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5082-8274"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Malmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalto University School of Science, Aalto, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto University School of Science, Aalto, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008894339","display_name":"Tapani Raiko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0321-304X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tapani Raiko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalto University School of Science, Aalto, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto University School of Science, Aalto, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109527979","display_name":"T. Aaltonen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800229700","display_name":"Helsinki Institute of Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/01x2x1522","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052","https://openalex.org/I2800229700","https://openalex.org/I63548447","https://openalex.org/I94722563","https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timo Aaltonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052","https://openalex.org/I2800229700"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030226697","display_name":"Y. Nagai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1792-5005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146399215","display_name":"University of Tsukuba","ror":"https://ror.org/02956yf07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoshikazu Nagai","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11819","display_name":"Data-Driven Disease Surveillance","score":0.9843000173568726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11901","display_name":"Bayesian Methods and Mixture Models","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.6686320304870605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixture-model","display_name":"Mixture model","score":0.6502898931503296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tevatron","display_name":"Tevatron","score":0.6123121380805969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.5796785950660706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-physics","display_name":"Particle physics","score":0.5435632467269897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higgs-boson","display_name":"Higgs boson","score":0.5392220616340637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.5359507203102112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics-beyond-the-standard-model","display_name":"Physics beyond the Standard Model","score":0.5316871404647827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.5116868019104004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.47687608003616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.43585696816444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collider","display_name":"Collider","score":0.4332755506038666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43163636326789856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.43100735545158386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.42089641094207764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-hadron-collider","display_name":"Large Hadron Collider","score":0.37645792961120605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2902475595474243}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.6686320304870605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61224824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2260434","display_name":"Mixture model","level":2,"score":0.6502898931503296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780715337","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944533","display_name":"Tevatron","level":3,"score":0.6123121380805969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5796785950660706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109214941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18334","display_name":"Particle physics","level":1,"score":0.5435632467269897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158129726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q402","display_name":"Higgs boson","level":2,"score":0.5392220616340637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5359507203102112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184748400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599934","display_name":"Physics beyond the Standard Model","level":2,"score":0.5316871404647827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.5116868019104004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.47687608003616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.43585696816444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152290109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2033879","display_name":"Collider","level":2,"score":0.4332755506038666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43163636326789856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.43100735545158386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.42089641094207764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87668248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40605","display_name":"Large Hadron Collider","level":2,"score":0.37645792961120605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2902475595474243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2012.6252712","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2012.6252712","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 2012 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.223.215","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.223.215","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cis.hut.fi/praiko/papers/ijcnn2012.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499064909","https://openalex.org/W1499399937","https://openalex.org/W1543388142","https://openalex.org/W1571413698","https://openalex.org/W1579271636","https://openalex.org/W1663973292","https://openalex.org/W1995945562","https://openalex.org/W2011832962","https://openalex.org/W2037997470","https://openalex.org/W2038819732","https://openalex.org/W2049058890","https://openalex.org/W2049633694","https://openalex.org/W2054594670","https://openalex.org/W2095345875","https://openalex.org/W2103441516","https://openalex.org/W2105298717","https://openalex.org/W2111532116","https://openalex.org/W2122646361","https://openalex.org/W2134641333","https://openalex.org/W2157645932","https://openalex.org/W2488678869","https://openalex.org/W2498094064","https://openalex.org/W2614608031","https://openalex.org/W3106889297","https://openalex.org/W4212863985","https://openalex.org/W4237383056","https://openalex.org/W4240874411","https://openalex.org/W4301195664","https://openalex.org/W6632547301","https://openalex.org/W6676740804","https://openalex.org/W6679898850"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3100207101","https://openalex.org/W1984507862","https://openalex.org/W1552286103","https://openalex.org/W4247317718","https://openalex.org/W1541218394","https://openalex.org/W2047928760","https://openalex.org/W2989109166","https://openalex.org/W4297822002","https://openalex.org/W3202747689","https://openalex.org/W2052284032"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract\u2014We":[0],"study":[1,116],"a":[2,6,17,49,54,61,68,142],"novel":[3],"type":[4],"of":[5,19,51,63,70,93,103,110,120,129,149],"semi-supervised":[7,160],"anomaly":[8],"detection":[9],"problem":[10,23,45],"where":[11],"the":[12,44,108,113,117,121,127,130,147,150,154],"anomalies":[13,104,111],"occur":[14],"collectively":[15],"among":[16],"background":[18,56,65,79],"normal":[20],"data.":[21],"Such":[22,95],"arises":[24],"in":[25,112],"experimental":[26],"high":[27,167],"energy":[28,168],"physics":[29,169],"when":[30],"one":[31],"is":[32],"trying":[33],"to":[34,53,73,100,146],"discover":[35],"deviations":[36],"from":[37],"known":[38],"Standard":[39],"Model":[40],"physics.":[41],"We":[42,58,124],"solve":[43],"by":[46],"first":[47,125],"fitting":[48],"mixture":[50,62,96,165],"Gaussians":[52,72],"labeled":[55],"sample.":[57],"then":[59,136],"fit":[60],"this":[64],"model":[66,97],"and":[67,80,115,135],"number":[69],"additional":[71],"an":[74],"unlabeled":[75],"sample":[76,114],"containing":[77],"both":[78],"anomalies.":[81,94],"This":[82],"way":[83],"we":[84],"not":[85],"only":[86],"detect":[87],"but":[88],"also":[89],"perform":[90,101],"pattern":[91],"recognition":[92],"allows":[98],"us":[99],"classification":[102],"vs.":[105],"background,":[106],"estimate":[107],"proportion":[109],"statistical":[118],"significance":[119],"anomalous":[122],"contribution.":[123],"verify":[126],"performance":[128],"method":[131],"using":[132,141],"artificial":[133],"data":[134,143],"demonstrate":[137],"its":[138],"real-life":[139],"applicability":[140],"set":[144],"related":[145],"search":[148],"Higgs":[151],"boson":[152],"at":[153],"Tevatron":[155],"collider.":[156],"Index":[157],"Terms\u2014Anomaly":[158],"detection,":[159],"learning,":[161],"EM":[162],"algorithm,":[163],"Gaussian":[164],"models,":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-26T07:53:14.480251","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}