{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2039497028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2012.6252513","title":"Deep, super-narrow neural network is a universal classifier","display_name":"Deep, super-narrow neural network is a universal classifier","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2039497028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2012.6252513","mag":"2039497028"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2012.6252513","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2012.6252513","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 2012 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025970904","display_name":"Lech Szymanski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5192-0304"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80281795","display_name":"University of Otago","ror":"https://ror.org/01jmxt844","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lech Szymanski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand","Department of Computer Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045878695","display_name":"Brendan McCane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8055-3331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80281795","display_name":"University of Otago","ror":"https://ror.org/01jmxt844","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brendan McCane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand","Department of Computer Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7286285758018494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7072865962982178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6918308734893799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.6852704286575317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.6635614633560181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6619243621826172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5881052613258362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5856272578239441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.5585607290267944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.5550106167793274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.49422410130500793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/separable-space","display_name":"Separable space","score":0.4927692711353302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3629912734031677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13939782977104187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.11318027973175049}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7286285758018494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7072865962982178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6918308734893799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.6852704286575317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.6635614633560181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6619243621826172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5881052613258362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5856272578239441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.5585607290267944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.5550106167793274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.49422410130500793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70710897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q680081","display_name":"Separable space","level":2,"score":0.4927692711353302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3629912734031677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13939782977104187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.11318027973175049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2012.6252513","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2012.6252513","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 2012 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994197834","https://openalex.org/W2033272835","https://openalex.org/W2072128103","https://openalex.org/W2086789740","https://openalex.org/W2110798204","https://openalex.org/W2111838090","https://openalex.org/W2117499988","https://openalex.org/W2136922672","https://openalex.org/W2137983211","https://openalex.org/W2138857742","https://openalex.org/W2159291644","https://openalex.org/W2546191734","https://openalex.org/W2606321545","https://openalex.org/W2613634265","https://openalex.org/W3146803896","https://openalex.org/W4231109964","https://openalex.org/W4249716558","https://openalex.org/W6676481782","https://openalex.org/W6677604277","https://openalex.org/W6680300913"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009525028","https://openalex.org/W4321064619","https://openalex.org/W2076561698","https://openalex.org/W2053599029","https://openalex.org/W2962925412","https://openalex.org/W2023672523","https://openalex.org/W4246719751","https://openalex.org/W4382934300","https://openalex.org/W2121061354","https://openalex.org/W4285388059"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"architecture":[1],"models":[2],"are":[3,94],"known":[4],"to":[5,8,107],"be":[6,33],"conducive":[7],"good":[9],"generalisation":[10],"for":[11,49,97],"certain":[12,90],"types":[13],"of":[14,40,77,92],"classification":[15,51],"tasks.":[16],"Existing":[17],"unsupervised":[18],"and":[19,27,100],"semi-supervised":[20],"training":[21],"methods":[22],"do":[23],"not":[24],"explain":[25],"why":[26],"when":[28],"deep":[29,43,98],"internal":[30],"representations":[31],"will":[32],"effective.":[34],"We":[35,60,83],"investigate":[36],"the":[37],"fundamental":[38],"principles":[39],"representation":[41,99],"in":[42,52],"architectures":[44],"by":[45],"devising":[46],"a":[47,66],"method":[48],"binary":[50,81],"multi-layer":[53],"feed":[54],"forward":[55],"networks":[56],"with":[57,70],"limited":[58],"breadth.":[59],"show":[61,85],"that,":[62],"given":[63],"enough":[64],"layers,":[65],"super-narrow":[67],"neural":[68],"network,":[69],"two":[71],"neurons":[72],"per":[73],"layer,":[74],"is":[75],"capable":[76],"shattering":[78],"any":[79],"separable":[80],"dataset.":[82],"also":[84],"that":[86,88],"datasets":[87],"exhibit":[89],"type":[91],"symmetries":[93],"better":[95],"suited":[96],"may":[101],"require":[102],"only":[103],"few":[104],"hidden":[105],"layers":[106],"produce":[108],"desired":[109],"classification.":[110]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
