{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2152259680","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2010.5596836","title":"A component based approach improves classification of discrete facial expressions over a holistic approach","display_name":"A component based approach improves classification of discrete facial expressions over a holistic approach","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2152259680","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2010.5596836","mag":"2152259680"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2010.5596836","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2010.5596836","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 2010 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/A_component_based_approach_improves_classification_of_discrete_facial_expressions_over_a_holistic_approach/28978169","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087637078","display_name":"Kenny Hong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78757542","display_name":"University of Newcastle Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/00eae9z71","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenny Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054614441","display_name":"Stephan K. Chalup","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7886-3653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78757542","display_name":"University of Newcastle Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/00eae9z71","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephan K. Chalup","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043663034","display_name":"Robert King","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7495-6599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78757542","display_name":"University of Newcastle Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/00eae9z71","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert A.R. King","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4569,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89736239,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11094","display_name":"Face Recognition and Perception","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.8247959613800049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6803205013275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6788024306297302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6775823831558228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-comparison","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","score":0.672966718673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.6726280450820923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.6000828742980957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5893344283103943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5079973340034485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.48012375831604004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.46911078691482544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.46767744421958923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.46593350172042847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.44817814230918884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-pre-processing","display_name":"Data pre-processing","score":0.41856878995895386}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.8247959613800049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6803205013275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6788024306297302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6775823831558228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.672966718673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.6726280450820923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.6000828742980957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5893344283103943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5079973340034485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.48012375831604004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.46911078691482544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.46767744421958923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.46593350172042847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.44817814230918884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10551718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227332","display_name":"Data pre-processing","level":2,"score":0.41856878995895386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2010.5596836","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2010.5596836","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 2010 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.172.9771","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.172.9771","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.robots.newcastle.edu.au/%7Echalup/chalup_publications/p058.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.187.2736","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.187.2736","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.robots.newcastle.edu.au/%7Echalup/chalup_publications/p058_preprint.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/28978169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/A_component_based_approach_improves_classification_of_discrete_facial_expressions_over_a_holistic_approach/28978169","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference contribution"},{"id":"pmh:uon:7863","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/915934","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196471","display_name":"NOVA (University of Newcastle Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I78757542","host_organization_name":"University of Newcastle Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/28978169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/A_component_based_approach_improves_classification_of_discrete_facial_expressions_over_a_holistic_approach/28978169","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference contribution"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W180870983","https://openalex.org/W1511647692","https://openalex.org/W1591385104","https://openalex.org/W1628541567","https://openalex.org/W1754959797","https://openalex.org/W1978080684","https://openalex.org/W1988653852","https://openalex.org/W1990284482","https://openalex.org/W1996596464","https://openalex.org/W2003238582","https://openalex.org/W2006735669","https://openalex.org/W2007431552","https://openalex.org/W2015101458","https://openalex.org/W2016485878","https://openalex.org/W2025422962","https://openalex.org/W2033773055","https://openalex.org/W2035161948","https://openalex.org/W2040179990","https://openalex.org/W2041649634","https://openalex.org/W2054211948","https://openalex.org/W2060451633","https://openalex.org/W2063412092","https://openalex.org/W2096044434","https://openalex.org/W2097844709","https://openalex.org/W2100474751","https://openalex.org/W2102570318","https://openalex.org/W2106115875","https://openalex.org/W2106390385","https://openalex.org/W2114954755","https://openalex.org/W2119106599","https://openalex.org/W2122158102","https://openalex.org/W2122452652","https://openalex.org/W2123921160","https://openalex.org/W2124774371","https://openalex.org/W2124901121","https://openalex.org/W2125127226","https://openalex.org/W2127462305","https://openalex.org/W2129150631","https://openalex.org/W2133180260","https://openalex.org/W2136404184","https://openalex.org/W2140001879","https://openalex.org/W2142737471","https://openalex.org/W2143245774","https://openalex.org/W2144546468","https://openalex.org/W2145310492","https://openalex.org/W2146798384","https://openalex.org/W2148603752","https://openalex.org/W2150055999","https://openalex.org/W2152194780","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2156503193","https://openalex.org/W2161634108","https://openalex.org/W2163965432","https://openalex.org/W2165183780","https://openalex.org/W2166942057","https://openalex.org/W2172000360","https://openalex.org/W2282614401","https://openalex.org/W2994340921","https://openalex.org/W2995034616","https://openalex.org/W3097096317","https://openalex.org/W3120421331","https://openalex.org/W4231699953","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6635552349","https://openalex.org/W6675103082","https://openalex.org/W6677403936","https://openalex.org/W6680291606","https://openalex.org/W6680968271","https://openalex.org/W6680969911"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2989490741","https://openalex.org/W2367545121","https://openalex.org/W4248881655","https://openalex.org/W2482165163","https://openalex.org/W3092506759","https://openalex.org/W138569904","https://openalex.org/W3010890513","https://openalex.org/W2390914021","https://openalex.org/W2389417819","https://openalex.org/W2368524271"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Current":[0],"approaches":[1],"to":[2],"facial":[3],"expression":[4,10,100],"classification":[5,143],"employ":[6],"a":[7,49,81,107,152],"variety":[8],"of":[9,18,25,60,103,134],"classes":[11],"and":[12,32,46,52,74,110,136,151],"different":[13],"preprocessing":[14,34,62,138],"steps,":[15,35],"making":[16],"comparison":[17],"results":[19,127],"difficult.":[20],"To":[21],"outline":[22],"the":[23,37,61,98,104],"effects":[24],"these":[26],"variations":[27],"we":[28],"explore":[29],"several":[30],"image":[31,135],"action":[33,137,154],"using":[36,80,147],"discrete":[38],"expressions:":[39],"happy,":[40],"sad,":[41],"surprised,":[42],"fearful,":[43],"angry,":[44],"disgusted":[45],"neutral;":[47],"with":[48],"dataset":[50],"aligned":[51],"normalised":[53],"by":[54],"our":[55],"proposed":[56],"face":[57],"model.":[58],"Each":[59],"steps":[63],"is":[64],"organised":[65],"across":[66],"four":[67],"prominent":[68],"approaches:":[69],"holistic,":[70],"holistic":[71],"action,":[72],"component":[73,75,153],"action.":[76],"These":[77],"are":[78],"compared":[79],"modified":[82],"multiclass":[83],"Support":[84],"Vector":[85],"Machine":[86],"(SVM)":[87],"that":[88,96,112,126],"uses":[89],"pairwise":[90],"adaptive":[91],"model":[92],"parameters.":[93],"We":[94,123],"illustrate":[95],"including":[97],"neutral":[99],"as":[101],"part":[102],"study":[105],"has":[106],"noticeable":[108],"impact,":[109],"suggest":[111],"it":[113],"should":[114],"be":[115,129],"used":[116],"in":[117,120],"future":[118],"research":[119],"this":[121],"area.":[122],"also":[124],"show":[125],"can":[128],"improved":[130],"through":[131],"innovative":[132],"use":[133],"steps.":[139],"Our":[140],"best":[141],"correct":[142],"rate":[144],"was":[145],"98.33%":[146],"10-fold":[148],"cross":[149],"validation":[150],"approach.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}