{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2145272807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2010.5596680","title":"Learning mixtures of experts with a hybrid generative-discriminative algorithm","display_name":"Learning mixtures of experts with a hybrid generative-discriminative algorithm","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2145272807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2010.5596680","mag":"2145272807"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2010.5596680","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2010.5596680","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 2010 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100297950","display_name":"Ya Xue","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1332737386","display_name":"General Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/013msgt25","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332737386"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ya Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, General Electric Global Research Center, Niskayuna, NY, USA","Industrial Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, General Electric Global Research Center, One Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY 12309, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, General Electric Global Research Center, Niskayuna, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332737386"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, General Electric Global Research Center, One Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY 12309, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332737386"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052775912","display_name":"Xiao Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3994-0385"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1332737386","display_name":"General Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/013msgt25","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332737386"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, General Electric Global Research Center, Niskayuna, NY","Industrial Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, General Electric Global Research Center, One Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY 12309, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, General Electric Global Research Center, Niskayuna, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332737386"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, General Electric Global Research Center, One Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY 12309, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332737386"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073342710","display_name":"Weizhong Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7916-8476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1332737386","display_name":"General Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/013msgt25","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332737386"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weizhong Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, General Electric Global Research Center, Niskayuna, NY, USA","Industrial Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, General Electric Global Research Center, One Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY 12309, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, General Electric Global Research Center, Niskayuna, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332737386"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, General Electric Global Research Center, One Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY 12309, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332737386"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109448658","display_name":"Hai Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2752-7294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1332737386","display_name":"General Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/013msgt25","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332737386"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hai Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, General Electric Global Research Center, Niskayuna, NY, USA","Industrial Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, General Electric Global Research Center, One Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY 12309, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, General Electric Global Research Center, Niskayuna, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332737386"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, General Electric Global Research Center, One Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY 12309, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332737386"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100297950"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332737386"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14496687,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11901","display_name":"Bayesian Methods and Mixture Models","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11901","display_name":"Bayesian Methods and Mixture Models","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12814","display_name":"Gaussian Processes and Bayesian Inference","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.8240035176277161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.678834855556488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-model","display_name":"Generative model","score":0.6538364887237549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6455426812171936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maxima-and-minima","display_name":"Maxima and minima","score":0.6190093755722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5732505917549133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.5426284670829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5418002009391785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.525835394859314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5114957094192505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.47759056091308594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.46642500162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expectation\u2013maximization-algorithm","display_name":"Expectation\u2013maximization algorithm","score":0.4564107060432434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4548524022102356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.4273005723953247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4172334671020508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3535332679748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.27155208587646484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19296568632125854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-likelihood","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","score":0.1305657923221588}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.8240035176277161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.678834855556488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.6538364887237549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6455426812171936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186633575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845060","display_name":"Maxima and minima","level":2,"score":0.6190093755722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5732505917549133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.5426284670829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5418002009391785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.525835394859314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5114957094192505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.47759056091308594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.46642500162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182081679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1275153","display_name":"Expectation\u2013maximization algorithm","level":3,"score":0.4564107060432434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4548524022102356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.4273005723953247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4172334671020508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3535332679748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.27155208587646484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19296568632125854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49781872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045555","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","level":2,"score":0.1305657923221588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2010.5596680","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2010.5596680","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 2010 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1528905581","https://openalex.org/W1607198972","https://openalex.org/W1751470192","https://openalex.org/W1967687583","https://openalex.org/W2025653905","https://openalex.org/W2069429561","https://openalex.org/W2072169887","https://openalex.org/W2091797506","https://openalex.org/W2097138116","https://openalex.org/W2109176692","https://openalex.org/W2117496083","https://openalex.org/W2117959009","https://openalex.org/W2147503863","https://openalex.org/W2148603752","https://openalex.org/W2150884987","https://openalex.org/W2151967501","https://openalex.org/W2169210279","https://openalex.org/W3120740533","https://openalex.org/W3140968660","https://openalex.org/W4301861531","https://openalex.org/W6674495179","https://openalex.org/W6677317343","https://openalex.org/W6677640231","https://openalex.org/W6682569104","https://openalex.org/W6684926739","https://openalex.org/W6788247690"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2093104230","https://openalex.org/W4390874210","https://openalex.org/W4384918963","https://openalex.org/W2128027845","https://openalex.org/W4386184937","https://openalex.org/W4394728283","https://openalex.org/W1493875009","https://openalex.org/W2105231718","https://openalex.org/W4388844349","https://openalex.org/W2019680624"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,85],"hierarchical":[1],"mixtures":[2],"of":[3,38,56,72],"experts":[4],"(HME)":[5],"model":[6,10,33,41],"is":[7],"a":[8,64,81],"flexible":[9],"that":[11,68],"stochastically":[12],"partitions":[13],"the":[14,36,39,48,53,70,73,77,89],"feature":[15],"space":[16],"into":[17,80],"sub-regions,":[18],"in":[19,102],"which":[20],"simple":[21,83],"surfaces":[22],"can":[23],"be":[24],"fitted":[25],"to":[26],"data.":[27],"However,":[28],"there":[29],"are":[30],"issues":[31],"with":[32],"selection":[34],"during":[35],"learning":[37,78],"HME":[40,74],"using":[42],"Expectation-Maximization":[43],"(EM)":[44],"inference.":[45],"In":[46,59],"addition,":[47],"EM":[49],"algorithm":[50,87],"suffers":[51],"from":[52],"well-known":[54],"problem":[55,91],"local":[57],"minima.":[58],"this":[60],"paper,":[61],"we":[62],"present":[63],"hybrid":[65],"generative-discriminative":[66],"approach":[67],"inherits":[69],"flexibility":[71],"while":[75],"decomposing":[76],"process":[79],"few":[82],"steps.":[84],"proposed":[86],"solves":[88],"model-selection":[90],"and":[92,105],"empirical":[93],"experiments":[94],"on":[95],"public":[96],"benchmark":[97],"datasets":[98],"show":[99],"its":[100],"advantages":[101],"classification":[103],"accuracy":[104],"efficiency.":[106]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}