{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2142995730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2009.5178708","title":"Weighted voting-based ensemble classifiers with application to human face recognition and voice recognition","display_name":"Weighted voting-based ensemble classifiers with application to human face recognition and voice recognition","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2142995730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2009.5178708","mag":"2142995730"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2009.5178708","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2009.5178708","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036558045","display_name":"Xiaoyan Mu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7011-0673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192578771","display_name":"Rose\u2013Hulman Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00mp6e841","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192578771"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyan Mu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical & Computer Engineering department, Rose Hulman Institute of Technology, Terre Haute, IN, USA","Electrical & Computer Engineering department at Rose-Human Institute of Technology, Terre Haute, IN 47803, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical & Computer Engineering department, Rose Hulman Institute of Technology, Terre Haute, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192578771"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical & Computer Engineering department at Rose-Human Institute of Technology, Terre Haute, IN 47803, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192578771"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078384394","display_name":"Jiangfeng Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4713-5477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192578771","display_name":"Rose\u2013Hulman Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00mp6e841","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192578771"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangfeng Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical & Computer Engineering department, Rose Hulman Institute of Technology, Terre Haute, IN, USA","Electrical & Computer Engineering department at Rose-Human Institute of Technology, Terre Haute, IN 47803, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical & Computer Engineering department, Rose Hulman Institute of Technology, Terre Haute, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192578771"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical & Computer Engineering department at Rose-Human Institute of Technology, Terre Haute, IN 47803, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192578771"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085181033","display_name":"Paul Watta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6457-4543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130704","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn","ror":"https://ror.org/035wtm547","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Watta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical & Computer Engineering department, University of Michigan, Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, USA","Electrical & Computer Engineering department at University of Michigan-Dearborn, 48128, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical & Computer Engineering department, University of Michigan, Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical & Computer Engineering department at University of Michigan-Dearborn, 48128, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113120420","display_name":"M.H. Hassoun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185443292","display_name":"Wayne State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01070mq45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamad H. Hassoun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical & Computer Engineering department, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA","Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical & Computer Engineering department, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036558045"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192578771"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6471,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73264324,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2168","last_page":"2171"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9776999950408936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting","display_name":"Voting","score":0.8493154048919678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-subspace-method","display_name":"Random subspace method","score":0.8134616613388062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7598787546157837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.7057658433914185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/majority-rule","display_name":"Majority rule","score":0.6884123682975769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6655160784721375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighted-voting","display_name":"Weighted voting","score":0.6457754969596863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascading-classifiers","display_name":"Cascading classifiers","score":0.61455237865448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5958154797554016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.528048574924469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.47439220547676086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.4541541635990143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.4261268675327301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3311934769153595}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.8493154048919678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106135958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7291993","display_name":"Random subspace method","level":3,"score":0.8134616613388062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7598787546157837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.7057658433914185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153668964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27636","display_name":"Majority rule","level":2,"score":0.6884123682975769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6655160784721375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132778050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2065430","display_name":"Weighted voting","level":4,"score":0.6457754969596863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40651066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048220","display_name":"Cascading classifiers","level":4,"score":0.61455237865448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5958154797554016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.528048574924469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.47439220547676086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.4541541635990143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.4261268675327301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3311934769153595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2009.5178708","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2009.5178708","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5799999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496929357","https://openalex.org/W1994830145","https://openalex.org/W2022268612","https://openalex.org/W2101040242","https://openalex.org/W2160767978","https://openalex.org/W2164737680","https://openalex.org/W2309693750"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2046975922","https://openalex.org/W2913388591","https://openalex.org/W2083259201","https://openalex.org/W2142995730","https://openalex.org/W88722211","https://openalex.org/W2905430408","https://openalex.org/W2989868186","https://openalex.org/W1971238016","https://openalex.org/W2104246955","https://openalex.org/W2557740646"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"recent":[1],"trend":[2],"in":[3,121],"the":[4,11,19,36,51,68,79,87,90,97,102,114],"field":[5],"of":[6,13,35,44,53,70,81,89,104,116],"pattern":[7],"recognition":[8,107],"has":[9],"been":[10],"use":[12],"ensemble":[14,20,119],"classifiers.":[15,83],"If":[16],"combined":[17],"properly,":[18],"can":[21,47],"achieve":[22],"a":[23,71],"higher":[24],"identification":[25,124],"rate":[26],"than":[27],"any":[28],"individual":[29],"classifier.":[30],"Plurality":[31],"voting":[32,46,74,92],"is":[33,99],"one":[34],"most":[37],"commonly":[38],"used":[39],"combination":[40,75],"strategies.":[41],"The":[42,111],"performance":[43,69,88],"plurality":[45,73],"be":[48],"improved":[49],"if":[50],"decisions":[52,80],"different":[54],"classifiers":[55,120],"are":[56,94],"weighted":[57,72,91],"properly.":[58],"In":[59],"this":[60],"paper,":[61],"we":[62],"both":[63],"theoretically":[64],"and":[65,96,108],"experimentally":[66],"analyze":[67],"strategy":[76],"to":[77,101],"combine":[78],"multiple":[82],"Theoretical":[84],"expressions":[85],"characterizing":[86],"model":[93],"derived":[95],"method":[98],"applied":[100],"problem":[103],"human":[105],"face":[106],"voice":[109],"recognition.":[110],"results":[112],"show":[113],"advantage":[115],"employing":[117],"weighted-voting-based":[118],"achieving":[122],"high":[123],"rates.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
