{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2162526066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2008.4634254","title":"Chinese Character identification by visual features using self-organizing map sets and relevance feedback","display_name":"Chinese Character identification by visual features using self-organizing map sets and relevance feedback","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2162526066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2008.4634254","mag":"2162526066"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2008.4634254","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2008.4634254","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049886504","display_name":"J.S. Kirk","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155673605","display_name":"Union University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c561939","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155673605"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James S. Kirk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, Union University, Jackson, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, Union University, Jackson, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155673605"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049886504"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155673605"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16620245,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":"3216","last_page":"3221"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9861000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9847000241279602,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.737912118434906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.7278014421463013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.5906422138214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-characters","display_name":"Chinese characters","score":0.561578094959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance-feedback","display_name":"Relevance feedback","score":0.5608803629875183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5559657216072083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5550364851951599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5525535941123962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5369666814804077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identifier","display_name":"Identifier","score":0.4906393587589264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.4761464595794678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4378441572189331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.42002612352371216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.4169396758079529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-organizing-map","display_name":"Self-organizing map","score":0.41562020778656006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basis","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","score":0.41349244117736816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.307804673910141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.12939533591270447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10599067807197571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-retrieval","display_name":"Image retrieval","score":0.09487646818161011}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.737912118434906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.7278014421463013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.5906422138214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781051154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8201","display_name":"Chinese characters","level":2,"score":0.561578094959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779532271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q445558","display_name":"Relevance feedback","level":4,"score":0.5608803629875183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5559657216072083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5550364851951599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5525535941123962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5369666814804077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154504017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853614","display_name":"Identifier","level":2,"score":0.4906393587589264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.4761464595794678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4378441572189331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42002612352371216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4169396758079529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111168008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136838","display_name":"Self-organizing map","level":3,"score":0.41562020778656006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12426560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","level":2,"score":0.41349244117736816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.307804673910141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.12939533591270447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10599067807197571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1667742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10927554","display_name":"Image retrieval","level":3,"score":0.09487646818161011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2008.4634254","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2008.4634254","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W83357802","https://openalex.org/W616587265","https://openalex.org/W1489816442","https://openalex.org/W1538139570","https://openalex.org/W1583011816","https://openalex.org/W1639032689","https://openalex.org/W2030876210","https://openalex.org/W2049607461","https://openalex.org/W2057828679","https://openalex.org/W2069462534","https://openalex.org/W2102926979","https://openalex.org/W2114244282","https://openalex.org/W2162161511","https://openalex.org/W2165685968","https://openalex.org/W2188150082","https://openalex.org/W2487464375","https://openalex.org/W2728891977","https://openalex.org/W2904250082","https://openalex.org/W3023540311","https://openalex.org/W4245176872","https://openalex.org/W6603490236","https://openalex.org/W6677114229","https://openalex.org/W6687195145"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2034551444","https://openalex.org/W4378651134","https://openalex.org/W2023416609","https://openalex.org/W2051216975","https://openalex.org/W2982550593","https://openalex.org/W1844640764","https://openalex.org/W4252684102","https://openalex.org/W1483679762","https://openalex.org/W2352307597","https://openalex.org/W1979633005"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Because":[0],"of":[1,26,36,48,63,100,112,133,143,161,168,180,184,205,210],"its":[2,55],"ability":[3],"to":[4,44,66,78,86,115,139,145,147,207],"condense":[5],"a":[6,10,23,34,141,154,182,208,228],"data":[7,187,214,219],"set":[8,35,142,209],"in":[9,22,129,165],"non-linear,":[11],"dimension-reducing,":[12],"topology-preserving":[13],"way,":[14],"the":[15,46,67,79,82,88,93,110,116,130,134,148,157,162,166,169,175,178,203,223,231],"self-organizing":[16],"map":[17],"(SOM)":[18],"has":[19],"proven":[20],"useful":[21],"wide":[24],"variety":[25],"applications.":[27],"The":[28,151,172],"Chinese":[29,52,64,163,212,224],"Character":[30],"Identifier":[31],"(CCI)":[32],"uses":[33],"SOMs":[37],"along":[38],"with":[39,125],"other":[40],"natural":[41],"computation":[42],"tools":[43],"address":[45],"problem":[47,229],"identifying":[49],"an":[50],"unknown":[51],"character":[53,213,225],"by":[54,222],"visual":[56,89,101],"features.":[57],"By":[58],"repeatedly":[59],"presenting":[60],"small":[61],"sets":[62],"characters":[65,72,113,144,164],"user":[68,94,149],"and":[69,177,215],"analyzing":[70],"which":[71,92],"are":[73],"chosen":[74,107],"as":[75],"visually":[76],"similar":[77],"target":[80,170],"character,":[81],"system":[83],"is":[84,95,105,137,153],"intended":[85],"estimate":[87],"features":[90],"upon":[91],"presently":[96],"basing":[97],"his/her":[98],"notion":[99],"similarity.":[102],"An":[103],"SOM":[104,136],"then":[106],"that":[108,192],"organizes":[109],"universe":[111],"according":[114],"userpsilas":[117],"feedback.":[118],"A":[119],"simple":[120],"radial":[121],"basis":[122,126],"function":[123],"network":[124],"functions":[127],"defined":[128],"output":[131],"space":[132,160],"selected":[135],"used":[138],"select":[140],"present":[146],"next.":[150],"result":[152],"trajectory":[155],"across":[156],"10-dimensional":[158,211],"feature":[159],"direction":[167],"character.":[171],"CCI":[173],"illustrates":[174],"promises":[176],"challenges":[179],"using":[181],"method":[183],"searching":[185],"high-dimensional":[186],"based":[188],"on":[189],"relevance":[190],"feedback":[191],"may":[193],"be":[194],"termed":[195],"ldquopiecewise":[196],"topography":[197],"preservationrdquo":[198],"(PTP).":[199],"This":[200],"paper":[201],"discusses":[202],"application":[204],"PTP":[206,232],"explains":[216],"why":[217],"certain":[218],"sets,":[220],"exemplified":[221],"data,":[226],"pose":[227],"for":[230],"approach.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
