{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2133785649","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2008.4633786","title":"A new approach for context-independent handwritten offline diagram recognition using support vector machines","display_name":"A new approach for context-independent handwritten offline diagram recognition using support vector machines","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2133785649","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2008.4633786","mag":"2133785649"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2008.4633786","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2008.4633786","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031024662","display_name":"Khaled S. Refaat","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Khaled S. Refaat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt","Comput. Eng. Dept., Cairo Univ., Cairo"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Comput. Eng. Dept., Cairo Univ., Cairo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108226212","display_name":"Wael N. Helmy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wael N. Helmy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt","Comput. Eng. Dept., Cairo Univ., Cairo"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Comput. Eng. Dept., Cairo Univ., Cairo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059364517","display_name":"A. Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4180-8420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"AbdelRahman H. Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt","Comput. Eng. Dept., Cairo Univ., Cairo"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Comput. Eng. Dept., Cairo Univ., Cairo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101501161","display_name":"Mohamed Abdel\u2010Ghany","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1497-9320"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed S. AbdelGhany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt","Comput. Eng. Dept., Cairo Univ., Cairo"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Comput. Eng. Dept., Cairo Univ., Cairo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013978386","display_name":"Amir F. Atiya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8766-5600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir F. Atiya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt","Comput. Eng. Dept., Cairo Univ., Cairo"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Comput. Eng. Dept., Cairo Univ., Cairo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031024662"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7024,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74997824,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"4493","issue":null,"first_page":"177","last_page":"182"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11439","display_name":"Video Analysis and Summarization","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.806685209274292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagram","display_name":"Diagram","score":0.6402429342269897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.5996605157852173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5956526398658752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-context-diagram","display_name":"System context diagram","score":0.4476255774497986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class-diagram","display_name":"Class diagram","score":0.4440816044807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3711484670639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2759025990962982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.2197507619857788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unified-modeling-language","display_name":"Unified Modeling Language","score":0.21025040745735168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.1354978382587433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.08965995907783508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.806685209274292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186399060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959962","display_name":"Diagram","level":2,"score":0.6402429342269897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.5996605157852173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5956526398658752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91597405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446366","display_name":"System context diagram","level":3,"score":0.4476255774497986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202446494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664166","display_name":"Class diagram","level":4,"score":0.4440816044807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3711484670639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2759025990962982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.2197507619857788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145644426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169411","display_name":"Unified Modeling Language","level":3,"score":0.21025040745735168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.1354978382587433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.08965995907783508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2008.4633786","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2008.4633786","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515505871","https://openalex.org/W1604062009","https://openalex.org/W1828709882","https://openalex.org/W1910663139","https://openalex.org/W1926323398","https://openalex.org/W1977198981","https://openalex.org/W2023192402","https://openalex.org/W2082472820","https://openalex.org/W2101037815","https://openalex.org/W2121180519","https://openalex.org/W2134202846","https://openalex.org/W2142229279","https://openalex.org/W2153360297","https://openalex.org/W2545062901","https://openalex.org/W4229921563","https://openalex.org/W4240256148","https://openalex.org/W6630690902","https://openalex.org/W6638691936","https://openalex.org/W6640192958","https://openalex.org/W6728939640"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2353599212","https://openalex.org/W1964981556","https://openalex.org/W2064101236","https://openalex.org/W2035181455","https://openalex.org/W4242248103","https://openalex.org/W2096844226","https://openalex.org/W2347474403","https://openalex.org/W3144660059","https://openalex.org/W2374416132","https://openalex.org/W2383744988"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Structured":[0,25],"diagrams":[1,16,49,100],"are":[2,28],"very":[3],"prevalent":[4],"in":[5],"many":[6],"document":[7],"types.":[8],"Most":[9],"people":[10],"who":[11],"need":[12],"to":[13,38,63,97,124],"create":[14,98],"such":[15,21],"use":[17,87],"structured":[18,48,99],"graphics":[19,26],"editors":[20,27],"as":[22],"Microsoft":[23],"Visio.":[24,70],"extremely":[29],"powerful":[30],"and":[31,140],"expressive":[32],"but":[33],"they":[34],"can":[35],"be":[36],"cumbersome":[37],"use.":[39],"We":[40],"have":[41,83],"shown":[42],"through":[43],"extensive":[44],"timing":[45],"experiments":[46],"that":[47,86,94],"drawn":[50],"by":[51,101,144],"hand":[52],"will":[53],"take":[54],"only":[55],"about":[56],"10%":[57],"of":[58,75,78,111,120,146],"the":[59,73,103,106],"time":[60],"it":[61],"takes":[62],"draw":[64],"one":[65],"using":[66],"a":[67,126],"tool":[68],"like":[69],"This":[71],"indicates":[72],"value":[74],"automated":[76],"recognition":[77,114,130,139],"hand-written":[79],"diagrams.":[80],"Recently,":[81],"applications":[82],"been":[84],"developed":[85],"online":[88],"systems":[89],"running":[90],"on":[91,105],"pen-input":[92],"PCs":[93],"allow":[95],"users":[96],"drawing":[102],"diagram":[104,113,129],"PC":[107],"tablet.":[108],"The":[109,118],"progress":[110],"offline":[112],"is":[115,123],"still":[116],"minimal.":[117],"objective":[119],"this":[121],"paper":[122],"propose":[125],"context-independent":[127],"off-line":[128],"system.":[131],"Our":[132],"approach":[133],"utilizes":[134],"support":[135],"vector":[136],"machines":[137],"for":[138,149],"line":[141,147],"primitive":[142],"extraction":[143],"interpretation":[145],"continuation":[148],"segmentation.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
