{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2135123290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2007.4370955","title":"Lighting Direction Estimation of a Shaded Image by a Surface-input Regression Network","display_name":"Lighting Direction Estimation of a Shaded Image by a Surface-input Regression Network","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2135123290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2007.4370955","mag":"2135123290"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2007.4370955","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2007.4370955","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195743","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks/IEEE ... International Conference on Neural Networks","issn_l":"1098-7576","issn":["1098-7576","1558-3902"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110044571","display_name":"Chi Kin Chow","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chi Kin Chow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091162383","display_name":"Shiu Yin Yuen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5889-8808"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiu Yin Yuen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110044571"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20769231,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"201","last_page":"206"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7200515270233154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6506961584091187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6314098834991455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.624261736869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5930135250091553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5366799831390381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5232131481170654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normal","display_name":"Normal","score":0.5206467509269714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.5085064172744751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectivity","display_name":"Reflectivity","score":0.4897952079772949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.48762455582618713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface","display_name":"Surface (topology)","score":0.481515496969223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.4460570812225342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.4172951579093933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.36760368943214417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21245360374450684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.10601723194122314}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7200515270233154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6506961584091187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6314098834991455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.624261736869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5930135250091553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5366799831390381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5232131481170654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118732077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273176","display_name":"Normal","level":3,"score":0.5206467509269714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5085064172744751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108597893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663650","display_name":"Reflectivity","level":2,"score":0.4897952079772949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48762455582618713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.481515496969223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4460570812225342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.4172951579093933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.36760368943214417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21245360374450684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.10601723194122314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2007.4370955","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2007.4370955","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195743","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks/IEEE ... International Conference on Neural Networks","issn_l":"1098-7576","issn":["1098-7576","1558-3902"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hub.hku.hk:10722/196698","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10722/196698","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196271","display_name":"The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","host_organization_name":"University of Hong Kong","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference_Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309893","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W192761727","https://openalex.org/W1519809696","https://openalex.org/W1540478814","https://openalex.org/W1975732485","https://openalex.org/W2106042990","https://openalex.org/W2118841697","https://openalex.org/W2122585444","https://openalex.org/W2139489694","https://openalex.org/W2148603752","https://openalex.org/W2157500953","https://openalex.org/W2160535048","https://openalex.org/W2161446118","https://openalex.org/W2167161982","https://openalex.org/W2169337238","https://openalex.org/W2561330338","https://openalex.org/W4232290346"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2366107444","https://openalex.org/W4388145910","https://openalex.org/W1976205134","https://openalex.org/W2381570729","https://openalex.org/W4248336175","https://openalex.org/W3009369890","https://openalex.org/W2031260042","https://openalex.org/W2391445434","https://openalex.org/W4312490297","https://openalex.org/W2062212388"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,39],"augmented":[1,16],"reality":[2],"(AR),":[3],"the":[4,12,15,37,46,62,77,96,105,108,117,137,140],"lighting":[5,20,47,101,128],"direction":[6,21,48],"plays":[7],"an":[8,31],"important":[9],"role":[10],"to":[11,44,94,100,104,135],"quality":[13],"of":[14,36,65,72,79,119,126,139],"scene.":[17],"The":[18],"corresponding":[19],"estimation":[22],"is":[23,55,69,92],"a":[24,50,58,66,82,87],"challenging":[25],"problem":[26],"as":[27,81],"it":[28],"depends":[29],"on":[30],"extra":[32],"unknown":[33,131],"variable":[34],"-reflectance":[35],"material.":[38],"this":[40],"article,":[41],"we":[42,75],"propose":[43],"estimate":[45],"by":[49,57],"neural":[51,89],"network":[52,90],"(NN)":[53],"which":[54,116],"trained":[56],"sample":[59],"set.":[60],"Since":[61],"empirical":[63],"reflectance":[64,80,99],"captured":[67],"scene":[68],"in":[70,115],"form":[71],"scattered":[73],"points,":[74],"unify":[76],"representation":[78],"two":[83],"dimensional":[84],"polynomials.":[85],"Moreover,":[86],"novel":[88],"model":[91,110],"presented":[93,134],"construct":[95],"mapping":[97],"from":[98],"direction.":[102],"Contrary":[103],"existing":[106],"NNs,":[107],"proposed":[109,141],"accepts":[111],"surface":[112],"input":[113],"pattern":[114],"drawbacks":[118],"feature":[120],"vector":[121],"are":[122,133],"overcome.":[123],"Experimental":[124],"results":[125],"2000":[127],"estimations":[129],"with":[130],"reflectances":[132],"demonstrate":[136],"performance":[138],"algorithm.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}