{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1601284997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2005.1556390","title":"Testing decision systems with classification components","display_name":"Testing decision systems with classification components","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1601284997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2005.1556390","mag":"1601284997"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2005.1556390","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2005.1556390","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363609022","display_name":"Proceedings. 2005 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2005.","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings. 2005 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2005.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019810653","display_name":"Dragos D. Margineantu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115859","display_name":"Behavioral Tech Research, Inc.","ror":"https://ror.org/02843s885","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115859"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1295339012","display_name":"Boeing (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04sm5zn07","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295339012"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D.D. Margineantu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Math & Computing Technology Adaptive Systems, Boeing Company, Seattle, WA, USA","Math & Comput. Technol., Boeing Co., Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Math & Computing Technology Adaptive Systems, Boeing Company, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295339012"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Math & Comput. Technol., Boeing Co., Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115859","https://openalex.org/I1295339012"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040755038","display_name":"Mike Drumheller","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115859","display_name":"Behavioral Tech Research, Inc.","ror":"https://ror.org/02843s885","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115859"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1295339012","display_name":"Boeing (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04sm5zn07","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295339012"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Drumheller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Math & Computing Technology Adaptive Systems, Boeing Company, Seattle, WA, USA","Math & Comput. Technol., Boeing Co., Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Math & Computing Technology Adaptive Systems, Boeing Company, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295339012"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Math & Comput. Technol., Boeing Co., Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115859","https://openalex.org/I1295339012"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044471861","display_name":"R.D. Fresnedo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1295339012","display_name":"Boeing (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04sm5zn07","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295339012"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115859","display_name":"Behavioral Tech Research, Inc.","ror":"https://ror.org/02843s885","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115859"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.D. Fresnedo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Math & Computing Technology Adaptive Systems, Boeing Company, Seattle, WA, USA","Math & Comput. Technol., Boeing Co., Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Math & Computing Technology Adaptive Systems, Boeing Company, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295339012"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Math & Comput. Technol., Boeing Co., Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115859","https://openalex.org/I1295339012"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019810653"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295339012","https://openalex.org/I4210115859"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12894184,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"2927","last_page":"2930"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9793000221252441,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7849026918411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5828620791435242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5203542113304138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5167598128318787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5148903131484985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.468091756105423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4642634391784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-support-system","display_name":"Decision support system","score":0.45478948950767517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-strategy","display_name":"Test strategy","score":0.4512745440006256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-testing","display_name":"System testing","score":0.4300365447998047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3955903649330139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.27750855684280396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.273237943649292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.1472424566745758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13638323545455933}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7849026918411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5828620791435242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5203542113304138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5167598128318787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5148903131484985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.468091756105423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4642634391784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.45478948950767517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188598960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705805","display_name":"Test strategy","level":3,"score":0.4512745440006256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7166840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199682","display_name":"System testing","level":2,"score":0.4300365447998047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3955903649330139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.27750855684280396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.273237943649292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.1472424566745758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13638323545455933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2005.1556390","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2005.1556390","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363609022","display_name":"Proceedings. 2005 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2005.","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings. 2005 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2005.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W203696055","https://openalex.org/W995306300","https://openalex.org/W1503605645","https://openalex.org/W1607965943","https://openalex.org/W2058732827","https://openalex.org/W2084812512","https://openalex.org/W2125055259","https://openalex.org/W2139393465","https://openalex.org/W2167277498","https://openalex.org/W2318405211","https://openalex.org/W2330820318","https://openalex.org/W3106889297","https://openalex.org/W6608293291","https://openalex.org/W6630078970","https://openalex.org/W6636460698","https://openalex.org/W6680919041"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1603792055","https://openalex.org/W1988901622","https://openalex.org/W2381119662","https://openalex.org/W2022894844","https://openalex.org/W1996935098","https://openalex.org/W128144209","https://openalex.org/W2063289013","https://openalex.org/W2132296233","https://openalex.org/W2950496925","https://openalex.org/W2148041930"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"decision":[1,5],"tools":[2,32,79],"and":[3,33,43,52,96,109,115,143,149],"complex":[4],"systems":[6,34,114,152],"require":[7],"components":[8],"that":[9,55,77,121,153],"use":[10],"learning":[11,73,113],"technology":[12,76],"to":[13,29,47,94],"improve":[14],"the":[15,18,40,69,107,110,128,140,147],"quality":[16],"of":[17,68,72,112,118,130,139,151],"decisions,":[19],"based":[20],"on":[21],"observations":[22],"(such":[23],"as":[24],"sensor":[25],"data).":[26],"In":[27],"order":[28],"employ":[30],"these":[31],"in":[35],"high-":[36],"or":[37],"medium-risk":[38],"applications,":[39],"design,":[41],"implementation,":[42],"deployment":[44],"process":[45],"needs":[46],"follow":[48],"principled":[49],"verification,":[50],"validation,":[51],"testing":[53,97,108,150],"procedures":[54],"assure":[56],"a":[57,75,103,116],"reliable":[58],"operation.":[59],"This":[60,100],"task":[61],"is":[62],"far":[63,93],"from":[64],"being":[65],"trivial":[66],"because":[67],"very":[70],"nature":[71],"-":[74],"provides":[78],"for":[80,106,127,146],"making":[81],"decisions":[82],"under":[83],"uncertainty.":[84],"Only":[85],"little":[86],"research":[87],"efforts":[88],"have":[89],"been":[90],"dedicated":[91],"so":[92],"validating":[95],"learning-based":[98],"systems.":[99],"paper":[101],"describes":[102],"novel":[104],"tool":[105,126],"validation":[111,148],"set":[117],"statistical":[119],"tests":[120],"are":[122],"employed":[123],"by":[124],"this":[125],"assessment":[129],"learned":[131],"classification":[132],"decisions.":[133],"We":[134],"also":[135],"describe":[136],"some":[137],"aspects":[138],"underlying":[141],"theoretical":[142],"experimental":[144],"framework":[145],"learn.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}