{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1515673448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2005.1556113","title":"Training the SOFM efficiently: an example from intrusion detection","display_name":"Training the SOFM efficiently: an example from intrusion detection","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1515673448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2005.1556113","mag":"1515673448"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2005.1556113","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2005.1556113","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363609022","display_name":"Proceedings. 2005 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2005.","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings. 2005 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2005.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068558219","display_name":"Leigh Wetmore","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129902397","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Wetmore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada","Fac. of Comput. Sci., Dalhousie Univ., Halifax, NS, Canada#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fac. of Comput. Sci., Dalhousie Univ., Halifax, NS, Canada#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008462534","display_name":"A. Nur Zincir\u2010Heywood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2796-7265"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129902397","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.N. Zincir-Heywood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada","Fac. of Comput. Sci., Dalhousie Univ., Halifax, NS, Canada#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fac. of Comput. Sci., Dalhousie Univ., Halifax, NS, Canada#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003699164","display_name":"Malcolm I. Heywood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1521-0671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129902397","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.I. Heywood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada","Fac. of Comput. Sci., Dalhousie Univ., Halifax, NS, Canada#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fac. of Comput. Sci., Dalhousie Univ., Halifax, NS, Canada#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.235,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.38270772,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":null,"first_page":"1575","last_page":"1580"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12391","display_name":"Artificial Immune Systems Applications","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9835000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8169089555740356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6900824308395386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.6812355518341064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.5378832817077637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5312297940254211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.525036096572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5233727693557739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.4777911603450775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.4669996500015259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.4557492434978485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","score":0.431810200214386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.4169515073299408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4156127870082855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.34646615386009216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.06798195838928223}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8169089555740356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6900824308395386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.6812355518341064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5378832817077637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5312297940254211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.525036096572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5233727693557739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4777911603450775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.4669996500015259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.4557492434978485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.431810200214386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.4169515073299408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4156127870082855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.34646615386009216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06798195838928223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2005.1556113","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2005.1556113","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363609022","display_name":"Proceedings. 2005 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2005.","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings. 2005 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2005.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.154.4149","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.154.4149","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://users.cs.dal.ca/~mheywood/X-files/Publications/leigh-IJCNN05.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7200000286102295}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1508212832","https://openalex.org/W1554085250","https://openalex.org/W1566480186","https://openalex.org/W1580959953","https://openalex.org/W1884606608","https://openalex.org/W1908122868","https://openalex.org/W1952056635","https://openalex.org/W1995126785","https://openalex.org/W2055262709","https://openalex.org/W2057828679","https://openalex.org/W2059682003","https://openalex.org/W2117631199","https://openalex.org/W2139562214","https://openalex.org/W2140535827","https://openalex.org/W2161085373","https://openalex.org/W2162161511","https://openalex.org/W2285257517","https://openalex.org/W6630284643","https://openalex.org/W6683672887"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2366107444","https://openalex.org/W4388145910","https://openalex.org/W1976205134","https://openalex.org/W2381570729","https://openalex.org/W4248336175","https://openalex.org/W3009369890","https://openalex.org/W2031260042","https://openalex.org/W2391445434","https://openalex.org/W4312490297","https://openalex.org/W2062212388"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,40],"dynamic":[1],"subset":[2],"selection":[3],"(DSS)":[4],"active":[5,65],"learning":[6,66],"algorithm":[7],"is":[8,43,76],"generalized":[9],"to":[10,45,70],"include":[11],"the":[12,34,61,79],"case":[13],"of":[14],"unsupervised":[15],"learning.":[16],"To":[17],"do":[18],"so,":[19],"training":[20],"set":[21],"partitioning,":[22],"exemplar":[23],"difficulty":[24],"and":[25,27],"age,":[26],"early":[28],"stopping":[29],"criteria":[30],"are":[31],"introduced":[32],"into":[33],"self":[35],"organizing":[36],"feature":[37],"map":[38],"algorithm.":[39],"resulting":[41],"model":[42],"able":[44],"build":[46],"a":[47,51],"hierarchical":[48],"SOFM":[49,81],"on":[50],"large":[52],"(500,000":[53],"pattern)":[54],"dataset":[55],"in":[56,74],"3":[57],"hours.":[58],"In":[59],"comparison,":[60],"same":[62],"architecture":[63],"without":[64],"requires":[67],"33":[68],"hours":[69],"construct.":[71],"No":[72],"reduction":[73],"accuracy":[75],"recorded":[77],"for":[78],"DSS":[80],"model.":[82]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}